HgCl2-induced cell injury. Differential effects on membrane-located transport systems in unfertilized and fertilized sea urchin eggs

Spermiotoxicity and Embryotoxicity of Heavy Metals in the Echinoid Paracentrotus Lividus

“…This is in accordance with the fact that Cu(II) has been shown to alter the regulation of synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in a specific manner [31]. Furthermore, Hg(II) and Cd(II) have been shown to be able to disrupt ionic balances (e.g., Ca 2ϩ , Na ϩ /H ϩ , Na ϩ /K ϩ ) by inhibiting the activity of membrane-located carrier proteins or ATPases [11,13,32,33].…”

“…Its development has been shown to be highly sensitive to various chemicals, and it is currently used to assess toxicological effects and environmental impacts of numerous pollutants [5,8,10]. In particular, available data indicate that early life stages of P. lividus are very sensitive to metals [8,[11][12][13][14]. However, in most cases, these data did not provide comprehensive dose-response relationships.…”

Spermiotoxicity and Embryotoxicity of Heavy Metals in the Echinoid Paracentrotus Lividus

“…This is in accordance with the fact that Cu(II) has been shown to alter the regulation of synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in a specific manner [31]. Furthermore, Hg(II) and Cd(II) have been shown to be able to disrupt ionic balances (e.g., Ca 2ϩ , Na ϩ /H ϩ , Na ϩ /K ϩ ) by inhibiting the activity of membrane-located carrier proteins or ATPases [11,13,32,33].…”

“…Its development has been shown to be highly sensitive to various chemicals, and it is currently used to assess toxicological effects and environmental impacts of numerous pollutants [5,8,10]. In particular, available data indicate that early life stages of P. lividus are very sensitive to metals [8,[11][12][13][14]. However, in most cases, these data did not provide comprehensive dose-response relationships.…”

Effect of inorganic mercury on the emergence and hatching of the brine shrimpArtemia franciscana

“…Mercury may therefore be affecting development by inhibiting transport across the cytoplasmic membrane, leading to disruption of the required osmotic potential. The brine shrimp has abundant Na, K-ATPase in the larval salt gland (Conte 1989); there is evidence for a sodium-calcium exchange mechanism in the shrimp (Cheon and Reeves 1988) and heavy metals are known to influence adversely active transport mechanisms in other animals (Allemand et al 1988).…”

“…Disruptive effects are undoubtedly partially due to the interaction of mercury with sulfhydryl groups of proteins, but mercury is also able to interact with purines, porphyrins, phosphates, glutathione, and other chemical moieties (Hughes 1956, Vallee and Ulmer 1972, Wood 1976, Christie and Costa 1984, Clarkson 1987, Miura and Imura 1987. In this way, mercury perturbs many cell functions including oxidative phosphorylation, membrane transport (Allemand et al 1988, Foulkes 1988, Reddy et al 1988) protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton-dependent events such as mitosis and morphogenesis (Clarkson 1987, Czuba et al 1987, Miura and Imura 1987, Conrad 1988. It is difficult to separate primary and secondary aspects of mercury-mediated cell toxicity, leading in part to the relatively poor understanding of how the metal actually exerts its effects.…”

Spermiotoxicity and Embryotoxicity of Heavy Metals in the Echinoid Paracentrotus Lividus

“…This is in accordance with the fact that Cu(II) has been shown to alter the regulation of synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in a specific manner [31]. Furthermore, Hg(II) and Cd(II) have been shown to be able to disrupt ionic balances (e.g., Ca 2ϩ , Na ϩ /H ϩ , Na ϩ /K ϩ ) by inhibiting the activity of membrane-located carrier proteins or ATPases [11,13,32,33].…”

“…Its development has been shown to be highly sensitive to various chemicals, and it is currently used to assess toxicological effects and environmental impacts of numerous pollutants [5,8,10]. In particular, available data indicate that early life stages of P. lividus are very sensitive to metals [8,[11][12][13][14]. However, in most cases, these data did not provide comprehensive dose-response relationships.…”

Effect of inorganic mercury on the emergence and hatching of the brine shrimpArtemia franciscana

“…Mercury may therefore be affecting development by inhibiting transport across the cytoplasmic membrane, leading to disruption of the required osmotic potential. The brine shrimp has abundant Na, K-ATPase in the larval salt gland (Conte 1989); there is evidence for a sodium-calcium exchange mechanism in the shrimp (Cheon and Reeves 1988) and heavy metals are known to influence adversely active transport mechanisms in other animals (Allemand et al 1988).…”

“…Disruptive effects are undoubtedly partially due to the interaction of mercury with sulfhydryl groups of proteins, but mercury is also able to interact with purines, porphyrins, phosphates, glutathione, and other chemical moieties (Hughes 1956, Vallee and Ulmer 1972, Wood 1976, Christie and Costa 1984, Clarkson 1987, Miura and Imura 1987. In this way, mercury perturbs many cell functions including oxidative phosphorylation, membrane transport (Allemand et al 1988, Foulkes 1988, Reddy et al 1988) protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton-dependent events such as mitosis and morphogenesis (Clarkson 1987, Czuba et al 1987, Miura and Imura 1987, Conrad 1988. It is difficult to separate primary and secondary aspects of mercury-mediated cell toxicity, leading in part to the relatively poor understanding of how the metal actually exerts its effects.…”

Spermiotoxicity and Embryotoxicity of Heavy Metals in the Echinoid Paracentrotus Lividus

“…This is in accordance with the fact that Cu(II) has been shown to alter the regulation of synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in a specific manner [31]. Furthermore, Hg(II) and Cd(II) have been shown to be able to disrupt ionic balances (e.g., Ca 2ϩ , Na ϩ /H ϩ , Na ϩ /K ϩ ) by inhibiting the activity of membrane-located carrier proteins or ATPases [11,13,32,33].…”

“…Its development has been shown to be highly sensitive to various chemicals, and it is currently used to assess toxicological effects and environmental impacts of numerous pollutants [5,8,10]. In particular, available data indicate that early life stages of P. lividus are very sensitive to metals [8,[11][12][13][14]. However, in most cases, these data did not provide comprehensive dose-response relationships.…”

Effect of inorganic mercury on the emergence and hatching of the brine shrimpArtemia franciscana

“…Mercury may therefore be affecting development by inhibiting transport across the cytoplasmic membrane, leading to disruption of the required osmotic potential. The brine shrimp has abundant Na, K-ATPase in the larval salt gland (Conte 1989); there is evidence for a sodium-calcium exchange mechanism in the shrimp (Cheon and Reeves 1988) and heavy metals are known to influence adversely active transport mechanisms in other animals (Allemand et al 1988).…”

“…Disruptive effects are undoubtedly partially due to the interaction of mercury with sulfhydryl groups of proteins, but mercury is also able to interact with purines, porphyrins, phosphates, glutathione, and other chemical moieties (Hughes 1956, Vallee and Ulmer 1972, Wood 1976, Christie and Costa 1984, Clarkson 1987, Miura and Imura 1987. In this way, mercury perturbs many cell functions including oxidative phosphorylation, membrane transport (Allemand et al 1988, Foulkes 1988, Reddy et al 1988) protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton-dependent events such as mitosis and morphogenesis (Clarkson 1987, Czuba et al 1987, Miura and Imura 1987, Conrad 1988. It is difficult to separate primary and secondary aspects of mercury-mediated cell toxicity, leading in part to the relatively poor understanding of how the metal actually exerts its effects.…”