Hexagonal constellations for small cell communication

Hosur, S.; Mansour, M.; Roh, June Chul

doi:10.1109/glocom.2013.6831576

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In most of the existing communication systems, SQAM is widely preferred due to its simpler ML detection than the HQAM constellation, however, with the advancement in technology, implementation complexity of HQAM detection is reduced considerably. Due to superiority of HQAM over other constellations, it can be considered in various applications such as in multicarrier systems [53], multiple-antenna systems [54]- [56], physicallayer network coding [57], small cell [58], optical communications [59], and advanced channel coding [60]- [62]. This work focuses on the HQAM constellation and a detailed study of HQAM constellations is presented later.…”

Section: ) Cross Qam (Xqam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellations: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

Singya

Shaik

Kumar

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Communication system's performance is sensitive to bandwidth, power, cost etc. There have been various solutions to improve the performance, out of them, one of the fundamental solutions over the years is design of optimum modulation schemes. As the research on beyond 5G heats up, we survey and explore power and bandwidth efficient modulation schemes for the next generation communication systems in details. In the existing literature, initially square quadrature amplitude modulation (SQAM) was considered. However, only square constellations are not sufficient for varying channel conditions and rate requirements, thus, efficient odd power of 2 constellations were introduced. For odd power of 2 constellations, rectangular QAM (RQAM) is most commonly used. However, RQAM is not a good choice and modified cross QAM (XQAM) constellation is preferred which provides improved power efficiency over RQAM due to its energy efficient two dimensional (2D) structure. The increasing demand for high data-rates has further encouraged research towards more compact 2D constellations which leads to hexagonal lattice structure based hexagonal QAM (HQAM) constellations. In this work, various QAM constellations are discussed and detailed study of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM is presented. Generation, peak and average energies, peak-to-average-power ratio, symbol-error-rate, decision boundaries, bit mapping, Gray code penalty, and bit-error-rate of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM constellations for different constellation orders are presented. Finally, a comparative study of various QAM constellations is presented which justifies the supremacy of HQAM over other QAM constellations for various wireless communication systems and a potential modulation scheme for future standards.

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Section: ) Cross Qam (Xqam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellations: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

Singya

Shaik

Kumar

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…QAM teknikleri içerisinde de farklı yıldız küme dağılımlarına sahip dikdörtgensel (rectangular), çapraz (cross) ve altıgen (hexagonal) türleri bulunmaktadır. HQAM tekniği bu modellerden öne çıkan adaylardandır ve yüksek veri iletiminde oldukça başarılıdır [14][15][16][17]. Bu sebeple, HQAM tekniğinin farklı haberleşme sistemlerine ait uygulamaları yapılmıştır [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kaskat bir sistemin FTR sönümlemeli kanallarda HQAM performans analizi

ÖZEN¹,

Bilim²

2022

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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Bu çalışmada, kaskat yapıya sahip bir sistemin dalgalanmalı iki ışınlı (fluctuating two-ray, FTR) sönümlenmeye sahip kanallarda altıgen karesel genlik modülasyonu (hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation, HQAM) analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde ele alınan sistemin olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonu (probability density function, PDF) kullanılmıştır. Sunulan hata analizlerinde hem yaklaşık hata ifadesi hem de matematiksel olarak daha sade bir analiz için asimptotik hata ifadesi türetilmiştir. Ele alınan sistemin performans değerlendirmeleri farklı kaskat bağlantı sayıları, sönümlenme parametre değerleri, yansıtıcı parametre değerleri ve modülasyon seviyeleri için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda elde edilen yaklaşık analitik ve asimptotik ifadelerin doğruluğu tam nümerik sonuçlarla gösterilmiştir.

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“…In addition, the combination of 8-PSK and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is a very popular candidate scheme for satellite communication system because of the robustness of 8-PSK against the non-linear distortion and the excellent error correction performance of the LDPC codes [11]. However, compared to other constellations, such as 8-QAM, 5-QAM, and 9-QAM presented in [12,13] and the general hexagonal constellation [14,15], 8-PSK only has a ring and wastes the space of little amplitude, which results in the poor anti-noise performance and the limitation for the error performance of this scheme. In [16], 5-QAM is used as the modulation method in the solution for the fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a better trade-off between the power efficiency and modulation order, we propose a new 7-point constellation based on the hexagonal grid signal sets which is optimum in the two-dimensional (I-Q) space [14,15,17]. The new 7-QAM constellation is also with a point in the original point as 5-QAM and 9-QAM, and it is expected to achieve better error performance over the non-linear satellite channel than the conventional 8-PSK and 8-QAM because of its excellent natures of both PAPR and minimum Euclidean distance [18][19][20], which means that it has better anti-noise performance and simultaneously is less influenced by the non-linear effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of High-Order Modulation and Non-Binary LDPC Codes over GF(7) for Non-Linear Satellite Channels

et al. 2019

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High-order modulations are necessary to improve the bandwidth efficiency of the satellite communication system. However, the non-linear characteristic of satellite channels limits the application of high-order modulations. In this paper, we propose a new 7-point constellation which is expected to be effectively applied to the satellite communication system, and combine it with non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes over Galois field GF(7) to guarantee the reliability of the data transmission. The exact expression for the average symbol error probability (SEP) of 7-order quadrature amplitude modulation (7-QAM) over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is derived, and the non-linear distortion over satellite channels is also analyzed. Simulation results reveal that, compared with the traditional 8-order phase-shift keying (8-PSK), the 7-QAM method can achieve about 3 dB gain over the AWGN channel without channel coding at symbol error rate (SER) of 10 - 6 . Moreover, the proposed combined coded modulation scheme also has better SER performance than the NB-LDPC coded 8-PSK modulation scheme over the non-linear satellite channel.

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Hexagonal constellations for small cell communication

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellations: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellations: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

Kaskat bir sistemin FTR sönümlemeli kanallarda HQAM performans analizi

Combination of High-Order Modulation and Non-Binary LDPC Codes over GF(7) for Non-Linear Satellite Channels

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