HEW simulations and quantification of the microroughness requirements for x-ray telescopes by means of numerical and analytical methods

Spiga, D.; Cusumano, G.; Pareschi, G.

doi:10.1117/12.734814

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This approach is derived from the well-known Debye-Waller formula and offers the advantage to allow a quick computation of the HEW as a function of the photon energy. This method has also been confirmed numerically using the SIMBOL-X X-ray telescope as a test case [16] . There are, indeed, some limitations:…”

Section: The Hew Of a Single Mirrormentioning

confidence: 74%

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Surface smoothness requirements for the mirrors of the IXO x-ray telescope

Spiga

Pareschi

2009

SPIE Proceedings

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The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a very ambitious mission, aimed at the X-ray observation of the early Universe. This makes IXO extremely demanding in terms of effective area and angular resolution. In particular, the HEW requirement below 10 keV is 5 arcsec Half-Energy Width (HEW). At higher photon energies, the HEW is expected to increase, and the angular resolution to be correspondingly degraded, due to the increasing relevance of the X-ray scattering off the reflecting surfaces. Therefore, the HEW up to 40 keV is required to be better than 30 arcsec, even though the IXO goal is to achieve an angular resolution as close as possible to 5 arcsec also at this energy. To this end, the roughness of the reflecting surfaces has to not exceed a tolerance, expressed in terms of a surface roughness PSD (Power-Spectral-Density). In this work we provide such tolerances by simulating the HEW scattering term for IXO, assuming a specific configuration for the optical module and different hypotheses on the PSD of mirrors.

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Section: The Hew Of a Single Mirrormentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It is convenient, instead, to perform the inverse computation, by estimating the increase in the HEW from the known surface finishing of mirror substrates. The adopted method, already adopted in previous works [16], [17] , is discussed in Sect. 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface smoothness requirements for the mirrors of the IXO x-ray telescope

Spiga

Pareschi

2009

SPIE Proceedings

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“…9. Notice that a similar calculation was also done in another paper of this volume 14 : unlike that case, however, here we did not set a maximum value for the scattering angles by modifying the upper integration limit of Eq. 3.…”

Section: Hew Simulations For Simbol-xmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factor ln(4/3) is related to the choice of a double reflection mirror. The results of these equations can be compared with ray-tracing numerical routines, properly modified in order to allow for X-ray scattering due to surface roughness 14 . The Eq.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Xrs Impact On the Hew For X-ray Mirror Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical module HEW simulations for the X-ray telescopes SIMBOL-X, EDGE and XEUS

Spiga

2007

SPIE Proceedings

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One of the most important parameters defining the angular resolution of an X-ray optical module is its Half-Energy Width (HEW) as a function of the photon energy. Future X-ray telescopes with imaging capabilities (SIMBOL-X, Constellation-X, NeXT, EDGE, XEUS,…) should be characterized by a very good angular resolution in soft (< 10 keV) and hard (> 10 keV) X-rays. As a consequence, an important point in the optics development for these telescopes is the simulation of the achievable HEW for a system of X-ray mirrors. This parameter depends on the single mirror profile and nesting accuracy, but also on the mirrors surface microroughness that causes X-ray Scattering (XRS). In particular, owing to its dependence on the photon energy, XRS can dominate the profile errors in hard X-rays: thus, its impact has to be accurately evaluated in every single case, in order to formulate surface finishing requirements for X-ray mirrors. In this work we provide with some simulations of the XRS term of the HEW for some future soft and hard X-ray telescopes.

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Soft proton scattering at grazing incidence from X-ray mirrors: analysis of experimental data in the framework of the non-elastic approximation

et al. 2020

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Astronomical X-ray observatories with grazing incidence optics face the problem of pseudo-focusing of low energy protons from the mirrors towards the focal plane. Those protons constitute a variable, unpredictable component of the non X-ray background that strongly affects astronomical observations and a correct estimation of their flux at the focal plane is then essential. For this reason, we investigate how they are scattered from the mirror surfaces when impacting with grazing angles. We compare the non-elastic model of reflectivity of particles at grazing incidence proposed by Remizovich et al. (1980) with the few available experimental measurements of proton scattering from X-ray mirrors. We develop a semi-empirical analytical model based on the fit of those experimental data with the Remizovich solution. We conclude that the scattering probability weakly depends on the energy of the impinging

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HEW simulations and quantification of the microroughness requirements for x-ray telescopes by means of numerical and analytical methods

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Surface smoothness requirements for the mirrors of the IXO x-ray telescope

Surface smoothness requirements for the mirrors of the IXO x-ray telescope

Optical module HEW simulations for the X-ray telescopes SIMBOL-X, EDGE and XEUS

Soft proton scattering at grazing incidence from X-ray mirrors: analysis of experimental data in the framework of the non-elastic approximation

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