Heterogeneous ice nucleation on dust particles sourced from nine deserts worldwide – Part 1: Immersion freezing

Boose, Yvonne; Welti, André; Atkinson, James; Ramelli, Fabiola; Danielczok, Anja; Bingemer, Heinz; Plötze, Michael; Sierau, B.; Kanji, Zamin A.; Lohmann, Ulrike

doi:10.5194/acp-16-15075-2016

Cited by 114 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In this study, standard K-feldspar (−20.3 • C) and quartz (−25.7 • C) samples were indeed more efficient ice nuclei than ADS particles (−26.6 • C). However, most of the collected atmospheric particles formed ice crystals at temperatures below −25 • C. These ice nucleation onset temperatures are similar to those reported for several natural dust samples from different regions around the world (Boose et al, 2016;Kaufmann et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mineral Dust Particlessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Recently, several studies have pointed out that the feldspar group, especially K-feldspar, is an important mineral component for ice nucleation within mixed-phase clouds at higher temperatures (Atkinson et 2013; Harrison et al, 2016;Boose et al, 2016). Also, quartz has been proposed to contribute to the relatively strong ice nucleation activity of natural desert dusts (Boose et al, 2016), whose stronger ice nucleation activity in immersion mode than that of clay minerals is thought to be related to defects present on the surface of quartz particles (Zolles et al, 2015). In this study, standard K-feldspar (−20.3 • C) and quartz (−25.7 • C) samples were indeed more efficient ice nuclei than ADS particles (−26.6 • C).…”

Section: Mineral Dust Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Iwata

Matsuki

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In order to better characterize ice nucleating (IN) aerosol particles in the atmosphere, we investigated the chemical composition, mixing state, and morphology of atmospheric aerosols that nucleate ice under conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds. Five standard mineral dust samples (quartz, K-feldspar, Na-feldspar, Arizona test dust, and Asian dust source particles) were compared with actual aerosol particles collected from the west coast of Japan (the city of Kanazawa) during Asian dust events in February and April 2016. Following droplet activation by particles deposited on a hydrophobic Si (silicon) wafer substrate under supersaturated air, individual IN particles were located using an optical microscope by gradually cooling the temperature to −30 • C. For the aerosol samples, both the IN active particles and non-active particles were analyzed individually by atomic force microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Heterogeneous ice nucleation in all standard mineral dust samples tested in this study was observed at consistently higher temperatures (e.g., −22.2 to −24.2 • C with K-feldspar) than the homogeneous freezing temperature (−36.5 • C). Meanwhile, most of the IN active atmospheric particles formed ice below −28 • C, i.e., at lower temperatures than the standard mineral dust samples of pure components. The most abundant IN active particles above −30 • C were predominantly irregular solid particles that showed clay mineral characteristics (or mixtures of several mineral components). Other than clay, Ca-rich particles internally mixed with other components, such as sulfate, were also regarded as IN active particle types. Moreover, sea salt particles were predominantly found in the non-active fraction, and internal mixing with sea salt clearly acted as a significant inhibiting agent for the ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles. Also, relatively pure or fresh calcite, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particles were more often found in the non-active fraction. In this study, we demonstrated the capability of the combined single droplet freezing method and thorough individual particle analysis to characterize the ice nucleation activity of atmospheric aerosols. We also found that dramatic changes in the particle mixing states during long-range transport had a complex effect on the ice nucleation activity of the host aerosol particles. A case study in the Asian dust outflow region highlighted the need to consider particle mixing states, which can dramatically influence ice nucleation activity.

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Section: Mineral Dust Particlessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Mineral Dust Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Iwata

Matsuki

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…calcite) and, therefore, its lower INA. A comprehensive study by Boose et al (2016a) Both dry heating and the treatment of dust with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are known to denature the biological 10 proteinaceous matter (Pouleur et al, 1992) and digest all organic matter (Conen et al, 2011), respectively. Several recent studies have used these techniques in an attempt to decipher the effects of biogenic dust components on the INA of soil dust.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory investigation of the ice nucleation efficiency of three types of mineral and soil dust

Paramonov¹,

David²,

Kretzschmar³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Surface-collected dust from three different locations around the world was examined with respect to its ice nucleation activity (INA) with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC). Ice nucleation experiments were conducted with particles of 200 and 400 nm in diameter in the temperature range of 233-243 K in both deposition nucleation and condensation freezing regimes. Several treatments were performed in order to investigate the effect of mineralogical 10 composition, as well as the presence of biological and proteinaceous, organic and soluble compounds on the INA of mineral and soil dust. The INA of untreated dust particles correlated well with the total feldspar and K-feldspar content, corroborating previously published results. The removal of heat-sensitive proteinaceous and organic components from the particle surface with heat decreased the INA of dusts. However, the decrease in the INA was not proportional to the amount of these organic components, indicating that different proteinaceous and organic species have different ice nucleation 15 activities, and the exact speciation is required in order to determine why dusts respond differently to the heating process. The INA of certain dusts increased after the removal of soluble material from the particle surface, demonstrating the low INA of the soluble compounds and/or the exposition of the underlying active sites. Similar to the proteinaceous organic compounds, soluble compounds seem to have different effects on the INA of surface-collected dusts, and a general conclusion about how the presence of soluble material on the particle surface affects its INA is not possible. The investigation of the heated and 20 washed dusts revealed that mineralogy alone is not able to fully explain the observed INA of surface-collected dusts at the examined temperature and relative humidity conditions. The results showed that it is not possible to predict the INA of surface-collected soil dust based on the presence and amount of certain minerals or any particular class of compounds, such as soluble or proteinaceous/organic. Instead, at temperatures of 238-243 K the ice nucleation activity of the untreated, surface-collected soil dust in condensation freezing mode can be roughly approximated by one of the existing surrogates for 25 atmospheric mineral dust, such as illite NX. Uncertainties associated with mechanical damage and possible changes to the mineralogy during treatments, as well as with the BET surface area and its immediate impact on the number of active sites ns,BET parameterisation, are addressed. 10 Kerminen et al., 2012;Paramonov et al., 2013), the studies of atmospheric ice nucleation have been insufficient and still pose a lot of open questions (DeMott et al., 2011;Kanji et al., 2017). In general, a significant fraction of precipitating clouds in various environments contains ice, e.g. both in the tropics (Lau and Wu, 2003) and in the Nordic countries (Sporre et al., 2014). Primary nucleation of ice in the atmosphere can occur in the absence of inso...

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“…Quartz is a major component of natural mineral dusts Kaufmann et al, 2016a;Boose et al, 2016). However, quartz particles did not show pre-activation in the studies by Mason and Maybank (1958) and Day (1958).…”

Section: Further Mineral Dust Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-activation of aerosol particles by ice preserved in pores

Marcolli

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Pre-activation denotes the capability of particles or materials to nucleate ice at lower relative humidities or higher temperatures compared to their intrinsic ice nucleation efficiency after having experienced an ice nucleation event or low temperature before. This review presumes that ice preserved in pores is responsible for pre-activation and analyses pre-activation under this presumption. Idealized trajectories of air parcels are used to discuss the pore characteristics needed for ice to persist in pores and to induce macroscopic ice growth out of the pores. The pore width needed to keep pores filled with water decreases with decreasing relative humidity as described by the inverse Kelvin equation. Thus, narrow pores remain filled with ice well below ice saturation. However, the smaller the pore width, the larger the melting and freezing point depressions within the pores. Therefore, pre-activation due to pore ice is constrained by the melting of ice in narrow pores and the sublimation of ice from wide pores imposing restrictions on the temperature and relative humidity range of pre-activation for cylindrical pores. Ice is better protected in ink-bottle-shaped pores with a narrow opening leading to a large cavity. However, whether pre-activation is efficient also depends on the capability of ice to grow macroscopically, i.e. out of the pore. A strong effect of pre-activation is expected for swelling pores, because at low relative humidity (RH) their openings narrow and protect the ice within them against sublimation. At high relative humidities, they open up and the ice can grow to macroscopic size and form an ice crystal. Similarly, ice protected in pockets is perfectly sheltered against sublimation but needs the dissolution of the surrounding matrix to be effective. Pores partially filled with condensable material may also show preactivation. In this case, complete filling occurs at lower RH than for empty pores and freezing shifts to lower temperatures.Pre-activation experiments confirm that materials susceptible to pre-activation are indeed porous. Pre-activation was observed for clay minerals like illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite with inherent porosity. The largest effect was observed for the swelling clay mineral montmorillonite. Some materials may acquire porosity, depending on the formation and processing conditions. Particles of CaCO 3 , meteoritic material, and volcanic ash showed pre-activation for some samples or in some studies but not in other ones. Quartz and silver iodide were not susceptible to pre-activation.Atmospheric relevance of pre-activation by ice preserved in pores may not be generally given but depend on the atmospheric scenario. Lower-level cloud seeding by pre-activated particles released from high-level clouds crucially depends on the ability of pores to retain ice at the relative humidities and temperatures of the air masses they pass through. Porous particles that are recycled in wave clouds may show pre-activation with subsequent ice growth as soon as ice sat...

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Heterogeneous ice nucleation on dust particles sourced from nine deserts worldwide – Part 1: Immersion freezing

Cited by 114 publications

References 93 publications

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

A laboratory investigation of the ice nucleation efficiency of three types of mineral and soil dust

Pre-activation of aerosol particles by ice preserved in pores

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