Heterogeneity of cognitive style among depressed inpatients.

Rose, Donna; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Hodulik, Charles J.; Halberstadt, Lisa J.; Leff, Gaye

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.3.419

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Childhood maltreatment (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) interferes profoundly with normative development and is highly predictive of depression symptoms and disorder in young adulthood (Brown et al 1999;Fergusson et al 1996;Gibb et al 2001;Rose et al 1994;Silverman et al 1996). In a review of several large-scale studies of the impact of childhood maltreatment on later development, Harkness and Lumley (2008) concluded that the presence of childhood maltreatment is associated with a 2-5-fold increase in the risk for later onset of depressive disorder.…”

Section: Childhood Maltreatment Cognitive Organization and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Childhood Maltreatment and Depressotypic Cognitive Organization

Lumley

Harkness

2009

Cogn Ther Res

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Recent research suggests that how information is organized in the mind may be important for determining one's vulnerability to depression. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential developmental precursors to a depressotypic cognitive organization (i.e., tightly-connected negative schemas and loosely-connected positive schemas) in a sample of young adult men and women (N = 91). The relation between childhood maltreatment (i.e., mother emotional maltreatment, father emotional maltreatment, physical abuse, and sexual abuse) and cognitive organization was assessed using a computer task in which participants with different self-reported maltreatment histories plotted a series of cognitive schema contents (e.g., ''I am a failure'') on a 2-dimensional grid along the dimensions of self-descriptiveness and valence. As hypothesized, higher levels of mother emotional maltreatment, father emotional maltreatment and physical abuse (but not sexual abuse) were associated with a depressotypic schema organization. Consistent with hypotheses, a depressotypic schema organization mediated the relation between maltreatment and depression, suggesting that the organization of cognitive schemas may help to elucidate why individuals with maltreatment histories are so vulnerable to develop depression.

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Section: Childhood Maltreatment Cognitive Organization and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Childhood Maltreatment and Depressotypic Cognitive Organization

Lumley

Harkness

2009

Cogn Ther Res

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“…En primer lugar, existe una elevada tasa de comorbilidad entre depresión y trastornos de personalidad, oscilando ésta entre el 30 y el 70 por ciento (Framer y Nelson-Gray, 1990). En segundo lugar, entre los pacientes depresivos hospitalizados, aquéllos con trastornos de personalidad, especialmente el trastorno de personalidad límite, son más propensos a exhibir vulnerabilidad cognitiva que otros pacientes depresivos (Rose, Abramson, Hodulik, Halberstadt y Leff, 1994). Finalmente, es probable que exista un nexo entre vulnerabilidad cognitiva y trastornos de personalidad puesto que muchos diagnósticos de trastorno de personalidad son asociados a perfiles cognitivos que representan un riesgo cognitivo para la depresión (e.g., Beck et al, 1990).…”

Section: Vulnerabilidad Cognitiva Y Trastorno De Personalidad Concurrunclassified

“…Basándose en cuatro argumentos, han sugerido recientemente que la historia de maltrato y desatención durante el desarrollo evolutivo contribuye a la formación de riesgo cognítivo hacia la depresión. En primer lugar, Rose et al (1994) hallaron que un subgrupo de pacientes depresivos hospitalizados verbalizaban espontáneamente cogniciones que sugerían una elevada vulnerabilidad cognitiva hacia la depresión, tales como "He nacido para ser un miserable" y "Nada ha sido jamás bueno para mí". Una característica importante indentificadora de estos individuos era que habían sido sometidos a abuso sexual grave.…”

Section: Maltrato Durante El Desarrollo Y Vulnerabilidad Cognitiva Paunclassified

Teoría de la depresión por desesperanza : aportaciones recientes

Abramson¹,

Alloy²,

Metalsky³

et al. 1997

RPPC

Self Cite

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RESUMENLa teoría de desesperanza de la depresión o teoría de la depresión por desesperanza, propuesta por Abramson, Metaisky y Alloy {Psychological Review, 96, 358-372,1989), establece que las personas que poseen estilos inferenclales negativos (l.e., vulnerabilidad cognitiva) son más propensas a desarrollar síntomas depresivos (más específicamente los síntomas del subtipo "depresión por desesperanza') cuando experimentan sucesos vitales negativos que las personas que no poseen dichos estilos. En el presente articulo resumimos nuevos iiallazgos empíricos que apoyan dicha teoría, principalmente ios provenientes del Temple-Wisconsln Cognitive Vuinerability to Depression Project, un proyecto en el que se utiliza prospectivamente la estrategia de alto riesgo conductual con la que se prueba la hipótesis de vulnerabilidad y de mediación causal de la teoría de desesperanza de la depresión. En concreto analizanras (1) resultados retrospectivos y prospectivos referidos al Eje I (trastornos depresivos, incluido el subtipo de depresión por desesperanza), (2) la vulnerabilidad cognitiva y los trastornos de personalidad concurrentes (Eje II), (3) los mecanismos atediante los cuales los estilos cognitivos incrementan la vulnerabilidad para la depresión, y (4) el maltrato infantil como posible factor causal de la vulnerabilidad cognitiva para la depresión. También se discute la evidencia relevante para la integración de la teoría de la desesperanza y la vulnerabilidad biológica para la depresión. Finalmente, se ponen de relieve posibles implicaciones para la prevención y tratamiento de la depresión.Palabras clave: Desesperanza, depresión, trastornos de personalidad, vulnerabilidad cognitiva, sucesos vitales, procesamiento de la información, alto riesgo conductual, maltrato infantil. ABSTRACTThe hopelessness theory of depression, proposed by Abramson, Metaisky and Alloy {Psychological Review, 96, 358-372, 1989), states that individuáis who exhibit negativo Inferential styles (i.e., the cognitive vuinerability) are more likely than others to develop depressive symptoms (more specifically the symptoms of the hypothesized subtype of hopelessness depressk>n) in the presence but not the absence of negativa life stress, in the present article we summarize recent findings which provide empirical support to the hopelessness theory of depression, malnly from the ongoing Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vuinerability to Depression Project. The project utilizes a prospective behavioral high-risk strategy and provides a tests of the vuinerability and causal mediation hypotheses of the theory. Specifically, we examine (1) retrospective and preliminary prospective Axis I results (depressive disorders and hopelessness depression), (2) cognitive vuinerability and concun^nt Axis II personality disorder diagnoses and dimensions, (3) nriechanisms by which cognitive styles Increase vuinerability to depression, and (4) developmental maltreatment as a possible causal factor of cognitive vuinerability to depression. Empirical evidence relevant to an integr...

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“…Kuyken & Brewin (1994) reported that, of 35 depressed women who had been abused in childhood, 30 had experienced ' flashbacks ' of the abuse in the previous week. Abuse induces the sorts of cognitive changes that would be expected to mediate the link with adult depression (Rose et al 1994 ;Brewin, 1996). This is an under-researched area as an explanation of sex differences in the experience of depression.…”

Section: Adversity and Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and depression

Bebbington¹

1998

Psychol. Med.

171

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Sex differences in rates of depressive disorder have not been convincingly explained, and this reflects a more general failure of research to provide a comprehensive aetiological account of depression. The difference can be used as a probe for evaluating the research base of integrative models of depressive disorder (e.g. Akiskal & McKinney, 1975). It is particularly likely to be illuminating if the causes of the sex difference do not overlap completely the causes of depression itself. While there have been many reviews in the area (Weissman & Klerman, 1977; Kessler & McRae, 1981; Wolk & Weissman, 1995; Bebbington, 1996), this point has not been adequately expressed.Several lines of investigation are necessary for assessing the relative importance of social, psychological and biological influences: the epidemiological study of macrosocial variables and of age effects; temperament, personality, and attributional and coping styles; the experience of psychosocial adversity; and the possibility of increased susceptibility to some forms of stress in women. Both the tendency to affiliation and the requirement for social support may differ by sex. The particular strains of the roles available to women may increase their risk of depression. Possible genetic explanations of the sex difference are of special relevance because of their implications for biological differences. The latter can also be studied directly: hormonal theories in particular must be evaluated.

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Heterogeneity of cognitive style among depressed inpatients.

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Childhood Maltreatment and Depressotypic Cognitive Organization

Childhood Maltreatment and Depressotypic Cognitive Organization

Teoría de la depresión por desesperanza : aportaciones recientes

Sex and depression

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