Heterogeneity in soil water and light environments and dispersal limitation: what facilitates tree species coexistence in a temperate forest?

Masaki, Takashi; Hata, Shoji; Ide, Yuji

doi:10.1111/plb.12253

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, we found no significant effects of soil nutrient status on density and spatial distribution pattern of major tree species in our plots. Similar results have been reported from other temperate forests in central Japan and the north of Spain, where the regeneration pattern was driven mainly by biotic factors (Uria-Diez et al 2013;Masaki et al 2015). These results collectively suggest that competition, especially intra-specific competition, may be the major force underlying the spatial structure of trees in these temperate forests following selective logging.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Forest Species Coexistencesupporting

confidence: 86%

Responses of regeneration and species coexistence to single-tree selective logging for a temperate mixed forest in eastern Eurasia

Yang

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key messages The altered proportion of Korean pine to broadleaved tree species following selective logging strongly affected post-harvest regeneration and species coexistence pattern in a temperate mixed broadleaved/ Korean pine forest in eastern Eurasian. Species interaction should be considered when implementing selective logging schemes.& Context It has been documented widely that selective logging can exert varied influences on post-harvested forest structure and dynamics via different logging intensity and rotation. However, few studies have been extended to evaluate the effects of the tree species selected for removal, which is also a critical component in prescribing a selective harvest plan. & Aims To clarify the effects and underlying mechanisms of logged tree species selection on species coexistence and regeneration pattern in post-harvested mixed broadleaved/ Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) forest in Changbai Mountains, China. & Methods Four types of plots were established based on different selection of logged tree species. Stand structure, spatial distribution pattern and spatial association of major tree species were analyzed using spatial point pattern (SPP) analysis. The effect of soil nitrogen concentration on forest regeneration was also examined through a Pearson correlation analysis. & Results Sapling density of both Korean pine and commercially valuable broadleaved tree species was significantly greater on plots where Korean pines were logged than on plots where only commercial broadleaved trees were removed. Soil N and density of saplings were not correlated. SPP analysis showed strong negative spatial association between mature Korean pine and saplings of most tree species in most sampling plots. & Conclusion The proportion of Korean pine to broadleaved tree species selected for removal can lead to different stand structure and spatial distribution patterns of tree locations. Due to species-specific competition effects, such variations in spatial association of tree locations can exert varied effects on regeneration in this pine-dominated Eurasian temperate forest. To promote post-harvest tree regeneration and species coexistence, forest managers in this region should consider ORIGINAL PAPER controlling the density of competition-superior trees such as large-size Korean pines when implementing a selective logging scheme.

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Section: Factors Influencing Forest Species Coexistencesupporting

confidence: 86%

Responses of regeneration and species coexistence to single-tree selective logging for a temperate mixed forest in eastern Eurasia

Yang

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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“…, Masaki et al. ), but our habitat specificity results indicate the degree of local habitat heterogeneity should be considered in addition to absolute spatial scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…, Masaki et al. ). This finding may partially explain the inconsistency in results of other neutral theory studies in temperate forests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The prevalence of habitat associations in the UFDP may be due to high levels of local habitat heterogeneity, which may not have been present in the tropical forest studies (Hubbell and Foster 1986, Harms et al 2001, Gunatilleke et al 2006, John et al 2007, Chuyong et al 2011. If this is the case, future studies of the niche-neutrality gradient should explicitly consider spatial scale and the degree of local habitat variability, as these may be important ecosystem characteristics that influence the strength of niche-based processes (Wang et al 2011, Masaki et al 2015. This finding may partially explain the inconsistency in results of other neutral theory studies in temperate forests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the prevalence of investigations of neutral theory in tropical systems, there have been few tests in temperate forests. While studies in temperate grasslands (Fargione et al 2003, Adler 2004, Harpole and Tilman 2006 and temperate forest understories (Gilbert andLechowicz 2004, Kern et al 2012) have found support for the dominance of niche processes, studies that consider temperate forests have found contradictory results (Shibata et al 2010, Wang et al 2011, Myers et al 2013, Masaki et al 2015, Qiao et al 2015. This lack of clarity may be partially explained by the absence of studies that directly address the niche-neutrality gradient in climatically extreme temperate environments where the contrast between temperate and tropical forests is most evident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconciling niches and neutrality in a subalpine temperate forest

2017

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The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity has been put forth to explain species coexistence in forests worldwide, but its assumption of species equivalence has been met with much debate. Theoretical advancements have reconciled the opposing concepts of neutral and niche theories as two ends of a continuum, improving our understanding of global patterns in diversity and community assembly. However, the relative importance of niche and neutral processes remains understudied in temperate forests. To determine the balance of niche and neutral processes in climatically limited subalpine temperate forests, we established the Utah Forest Dynamics Plot, a 13.64‐ha plot comprising 27,845 stems ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (1.37 m) representing 17 species at 3100 m elevation on the Colorado Plateau. We examined the fit of niche‐ and neutral‐based models to the species abundance distribution (SAD), and tested three underlying assumptions of neutral theory. The neutral model was a poor fit to the SAD, but we did not find the alternative model to provide a better fit. Using spatial analyses, we tested the neutral assumptions of functional equivalence, ecological equivalence, and habitat generality. Half of species analyzed were characterized by non‐neutral recruitment processes, and the two most abundant species exhibited asymmetric competitive and facilitative interactions with each other. The assumption of habitat generality was strongly contradicted, with all common species having habitat preferences. We conclude niche‐based processes play the dominant role in structuring subalpine forest communities, and we suggest possible explanations for variation in the relative importance of niche vs. neutral processes along ecological gradients.

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Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest

Masaki

Kitagawa

Nakashizuka

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding trade‐offs between demographic parameters is crucial when investigating community assembly rules in high‐diversity forests. To this end, we estimated mortality and growth parameters, and correlations among them, across entire size classes for 17 tree species ( Betula , Carpinus , Fagus , Quercus , Castanea , Acer , Cerasus , Swida , Kalopanax , and Styrax ) using a dataset over 18 years obtained from an old‐growth forest in Japan. Size classes were represented by 12 categories determined by age, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) from new seedlings to stems of DBH >85 cm. We derived the annual mortality and growth for each species and class using estimates of transition probabilities between classes. Trade‐offs or synergies in growth and survival among species per size class were analyzed with and without the inclusion of phylogenetic relationships. Annual mortality showed U‐shaped patterns across size classes for species that could potentially reach a DBH ≥55 cm: 0.2–0.98 for seedlings, 0.002–0.01 at DBH 35–45 cm, and ca. 0.01 at DBH ≥55 cm. Other species demonstrated monotonically decreasing mortality toward specific maximum size classes. When phylogenetic information was included in analyses, the correlations between survival and growth changed across size classes were significant for some classes: As an overall tendency, synergy was observed in growth and survival for seedling to sapling classes, trade‐offs for juvenile to DBH 15–25 cm classes, and synergy again for larger classes. When phylogenetic information was not included, a significant trade‐off was observed only at DBH 5–15 cm. Synthesis . Trade‐offs at intermediate classes imply differentiation in demographic characteristics related to life history strategies. However, evolutionarily obtained demographic characteristics are not substantial drivers of niche differentiation in the study area. The polylemma of mortality, growth, and other parameters such as the onset of reproduction may also be important factors driving species‐specific demographic traits.

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Heterogeneity in soil water and light environments and dispersal limitation: what facilitates tree species coexistence in a temperate forest?

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Responses of regeneration and species coexistence to single-tree selective logging for a temperate mixed forest in eastern Eurasia

Responses of regeneration and species coexistence to single-tree selective logging for a temperate mixed forest in eastern Eurasia

Reconciling niches and neutrality in a subalpine temperate forest

Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest

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