Herbicide Resistance in Phalaris Species: A Review

Abstract

Weeds, such as Phalaris spp., can drastically reduce the yield of crops, and the evolution of resistance to herbicides has further exacerbated this issue. Thus far, 23 cases of herbicide resistance in 11 countries have been reported in Phalaris spp., including Phalaris minor Retz., Phalaris paradoxa L., and Phalaris brachystachys L., for photosystem II (PS-II), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. This paper will first review the cases of herbicide resistance reported in P. minor, P. paradoxa, and P. brachystachys. Then, the mechanisms of resistance in Phalaris spp. are discussed in detail. Finally, the fitness cost of herbicide resistance and the literature on the management of herbicide-resistant weeds from these species are reviewed.

Effects of Biological Nitrogen Metabolism on Glufosinate-Susceptible and -Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.)

“…Plants possess genes that fulfill multiple functions, including plant growth and stress resistance, simultaneously. Meanwhile, adopting diverse weed management methods through crop rotation would be the most suitable approach for controlling herbicide-resistant weeds [ 7 ].…”

“…The central components of the plant trigger the xenome, xenobiotic detection, transport, and detoxification network, responding to abiotic stresses such as herbicides [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. The mechanisms of herbicide resistance in weeds are usually divided into target site resistance and non-target site resistance [ 7 ]. To solve these problems, there are some possibilities for crop improvement that can continue being explored alongside more herbicide-resistant genes, allowing to understand in depth the mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance in weeds.…”

Assessing the Impact of Organic and Chemical Herbicides on Agronomic Parameters, Yield, and Weed Control Efficiency in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under a Direct-Seeding System: A Comparative analysis

“…The worldwide spread of herbicide-resistant weeds is exponential [8]. Which represents a substantial threat to sustainable agriculture, potentially resulting in diminished crop yields and an escalation in herbicide usage [9]. In addition, Chemical weed control requires a thorough and complete knowledge of the herbicides used and their mode of action, so that they can be applied efficiently and with care [7].…”

Herbicidal proteins from Bacillus wiedmannii isolate ZT selectively inhibit ryegrass (Lolium temulentum L.)

“…Failure to properly manage the use of herbicides and their excessive consumption can cause the emergence of weed resistance to herbicides. So far, in some of the fertile provinces of Iran, many weeds such as Amaranthus acanthochiton , Phalaris minor , Phalaris paradoxa , Avena ludoviciana , Avena strilis , Avena fatua , Lolium rigidum , Sinapis arvensis , Rapistrum rogosum and Echinochloa colona have become resistant to common herbicides 7,8 . However, the resistance of weeds to common herbicides is one of the reasons for their high consumption by farmers.…”