Herbal Medicines for the Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Ethiopia and Eretria including their Phytochemical Constituents

Meresa, Asfaw; Gemechu, Worku; Basha, Hirut; Fekadu, Netsanet; Teka, Firehiwot; Ashebir, Rekik; Tadele, Ashenif

doi:10.21767/2321-547x.1000011

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…DISCUSSION: Diabetes is a major metabolic disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, which is due to insufficient production of insulin or because of its inhibitors. This disease causes major economic losses to countries and impedes the progress of nations 42 . Natural treatments were used before the drug was produced by pharmaceutical companies and they can still be used today.…”

Section: Terpenoids In the Genus Of Salviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

IJPSR

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Diabetes mellitus is a widespread epidemic caused by insulin deficiency, decreased secretion, or both of them. This disease is one of the common metabolic disorders that affects 8.2% of the world population and is expected to reach 4.5% in 2025. More than 200 species of plants have antidiabetic properties, but the mechanism of their effect is not well defined. Most herbs that have anti-diabetic properties include to the family of Leguminoaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae and Araliaceae. The antidiabetic activities of medicinal plants are attributed to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels. Searching among the different literature resources and various database and in view of the above aspects, the present article provides a comprehensive review on the available antidiabetic salvia species that have been approved by pharmacological and clinical evaluations, and whose mechanism(s) of action is assured. Numerous mechanisms of actions have been proposed for Salvia species extracts. Some hypotheses relate to their effects on the activity of pancreatic beta cells, increase in the inhibitory effect against insulinase enzyme, increase of the insulin sensitivity or the insulin-like activity of the plant extracts. Other mechanisms may also be involved such as increase of peripheral utilization of glucose, increase of synthesis of hepatic glycogen or decrease of glycogenolysis, inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption, reduction of glycemic index of carbohydrates and reduction of the effect of glutathione. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a common disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, which results in high levels of glucose in the body after a meal or fasting.

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Section: Terpenoids In the Genus Of Salviamentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

IJPSR

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“…This figure is projected to reach 1.8 million by 2030. 4 Alternative systems of medicine based on plant extracts have thrived through the ages and are still practiced by a large population for the management of diabetes. 5 Globally, medicinal plants have been used as a source of medicine and 80% to 85% of populations rely on these medicinal plants using the extracts or their active components as a traditional medicine to meet their primary health care needs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiabetic, In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Leaves Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions ofBersama abyssinicaFresen (Melianthaceae)

Kifle

Enyew

2020

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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Background. The leaves of Bersama abyssinica are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine system of Ethiopia. The present study was done based on the traditional claim of B abyssinica for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Methods. The α-amylase inhibition and antioxidant activities of B abyssinica extracts were evaluated by using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method and diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay model, respectively. Blood glucose lowering activity of the extracts was studied in 4 animal models; normoglycemic, oral glucose loaded, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models. Results. Among the extracts, the crude extract showed the highest α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity with an IC50 of 6.57 μg/mL. The water fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 3.43 μg/mL. The crude extract at doses of 200, and 400 mg/kg showed significant ( P < .05) hypoglycemic activity in normoglycemic mice. All doses of the crude extract significantly ( P < .05) reduced blood glucose levels of oral glucose-loaded mice. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models, both the crude and solvent fractions showed a significant ( P < .05) blood glucose lowering effect as compared with the negative control group post 8 hour treatment. Conclusion. The results demonstrated the beneficial biochemical effects of B abyssinica extract by inhibiting α-amylase and scavenging the free radicals. The crude extract and solvent fractions of B abyssinica had significant blood glucose lowering effect in all animal models.

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“…T. serrulatus grown in Tigray used as ascaricidal, intestinal paraciticidal and both of T. schimperi and T. serrulatus used for treatment of general pain syndrome, blood pressure, influenza and abdominal pain [53], which was similar to ethnobotanical use of T. serphyllum species in in Pakistan [55]. T. serphyllum used as laxative, a good tonic for the kidney and eye diseases, useful in bronchitis and purify the blood in Sudan [56]. T. schimperi was used not only for human disease, but also for cattle and its flower for honey around Odo Bulu, Bale and Demaro region of Ethiopia [52].…”

Section: Ethno-medicinal Uses Of T Schimperi and T Serrulatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. schimperi was used not only for human disease, but also for cattle and its flower for honey around Odo Bulu, Bale and Demaro region of Ethiopia [52]. T. schimperi is also used for treatment of circulatory disorder in Ada'a District, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia [56].…”

Section: Ethno-medicinal Uses Of T Schimperi and T Serrulatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Constituents, Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymus schimperi and Thymus serrulatus

Abera¹,

Debebe²,

Ashebir³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Pharmacol

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Background:The genus Thymus is one of the most taxonomically complex genera in the Lamiaceae family and it includes 250-350 taxa (species and varieties). T. serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth and T. schimperi Ronniger are the two species of thymus which are endemic to Ethiopia; locally known as Tosign. According to WHO 2018 report, NCDs (non-communicable disease) are estimated to account for 39% of all deaths in Ethiopia and Infectious diseases also represent a continuous and increasing threat to human health in developing countries like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, 80% of the population use plant remedies or medicinal plants over centuries.Objective: The present study aimed to review Phytochemical-constituents, Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymus schimperi and Thymus Serrulatus. Method:A web-based literature search was done by using scientific databases including Pub Med, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. Searching was made using key words: Thymus, Thymus schimperi, Thymus serrulatus, phytochemistry, pharmacology, ethnomedicine, efficacy and safety.Results: T. serrulatus grows in Tigray, Gondar, Bale, in the highlands of Semien Shoa and Wollo whereas T. schimperi is widely distributed in Oromia, Amhara and Southern Nations Nationalities & Peoples Regions. T. serrulatus and T. schimperi belong to the chemotypes Carvacrol-Thymol. Carvacrol (63%), thymol (36%-38%), Thymol (49%) are the major constituent of the essential oil of T. schimperi collected from Bale, T. schimperi from Gonder, Shewa & Wello, T. serrulatus from the Tigray region respectively. Treatment of mice with 2000 mg/kg dose of the essential oil of T. schimperi caused 50% mortality indicating that it's the LD50 is about 2000 mg/kg. However, n-butanol fraction of the aqueous and crude methanol leaf extract T. serrulatus with the oral limit dose of 5,000 mg/kg showed no sign of overt behavioral changes and toxicity where the LD50 were above 10,000 mg/kg. n-butanol fraction and the crude aqueous extract of T. serrulatus has exhibited an increase in urine volume with the highest urine output at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg) and an appreciable diuretic activity of 94% and 92% respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation:The essential oil of T. schimperi did not cause a rise in serum enzyme level and major organ damage (kidney and liver), but the dose range of 2000 mg/kg causes 50% mortality. The n-butanol fraction of crude aqueous leaf extract of T. serrulatus showed an increase in urine volume with the highest urine output at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg) and appreciable diuretic activity (94%). Additional chemical isolation, development of dosage form, clinical trial and toxicological study is recommended.

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Herbal Medicines for the Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Ethiopia and Eretria including their Phytochemical Constituents

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Untitled

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Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiabetic, In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Leaves Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions ofBersama abyssinicaFresen (Melianthaceae)

Phytochemical Constituents, Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymus schimperi and Thymus serrulatus

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