“…Several species, including D. botrys , and D. ambrosioides possess compounds that have been demonstrated to interfere with mitochondrial function ( Nagle et al, 2011 ). The toxicity of EO obtained from Dysphania can be associated with the presence of some major components, carvacrol (19) , caryophyllene oxide (35) , and ascaridole (29) , which induce suppression of the respiratory function in the mitochondria, or in the complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chains ( Figure 5 ) ( Monzote et al, 2018 ), this toxic effect emerging on the kidneys, liver, and intestine ( Derraji et al, 2014 ). Nevertheless, in a recent study by Li et al, 2020 ( Li et al, 2020 ), dose-dependent toxicity was demonstrated in mice, providing some support for using the EO in a safe way in traditional medicine.…”