Hepatology Principles and Practice

Serum and liver iron concentration in dogs with experimentally induced hepatopathy

“…Iron (Fe) is an important component of biological processes, including oxidative reactions and cellular metabolic pathways, which take place mainly in the liver. However, relative or absolute Fe deficiencies or overloads produce severe liver damage 1 …”

Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cholestatic liver diseases (2015, China)

“…In addition, bile acid uses its surface activity function to elute ALP from lipid membranes to significantly increase serum ALP. 1,9 In addition to intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis-related diseases, an increase in ALP level is present in pregnancy, childhood growth periods, bone diseases and some tumors. An increase in GGT precedes the presence of other serum enzymes and lasts for a longer duration.…”

“…A bile acid level of 10-20 μmol/L represents a mild increase, 20-40 μmol/L represents a moderate increase, and above 40 μmol/L is a severe increase. 1 Additionally, cholylglycine (one type of glycine-conjugated bile acids) assay has entered clinical application. Dynamic measurement of cholylglycine is beneficial for the detection of cholestasis in clinical setting; in particular, it has important clinical significance in the determination of ICP.…”

“…Cholestasis includes stasis of all bile components, including bilirubin. 1 Jaundice is a phenomenon of increases in blood bilirubin concentrations, thus causing yellow staining of tissues such as sclera and skin. Some diseases, such as hereditary hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Rotor syndrome) and hemolytic diseases, only present as bilirubin metabolism disorders and have normal secretion and excretion of other bile components.…”

“…After disease progression, patients can present with hyperbilirubinemia; when severe, it can cause liver failure or even death. 1 Hepatobiliary diseases with the major presentation of cholestasis caused by a variety of reasons are collectively referred to cholestatic liver diseases. Cholestasis itself can further aggravate liver damage.…”