Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: current practice and future directions

Ahn, Joseph; Lee, Yi‐Te; Agopian, Vatche G.; Zhu, Yazhen; You, Sungyong; Tseng, Hsian-Rong; Yang, Ju Dong

doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2021.131

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Attempts have been made by studies to expand the Milan criteria using UCSF to accommodate more patients for a liver transplant; however, it was challenged due to the small sample size. 10 Our patient did not meet any of the above criteria considering the liver mass size of 12 × 6.5 cm, thus chemotherapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab was recommended. The IMBrave 150 study by Cheng et al demonstrated statistically significant and clinical improvement in both overall and progression-free survival for atezolizumab + bevacizumab versus sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC who have not received prior systemic therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

An Unusual Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Teenager

Ugonabo

Pulipati

Elghezewi

et al. 2023

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy known to occur majorly in patients with liver cirrhosis or those with a harbinger of risk factors like viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The incidence of HCC has risen in the past 2 decades and currently ranks as the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases are seen in adulthood, and only a very small percentage have been reported in adolescents with risk factors. The 2 pathologic subtypes of pediatric HCC are classic and fibrolamellar. Here, we discussed a very interesting rare case of a healthy male teenager with no apparent liver disease or risk factor who presented with right-upper-quadrant pain, normal alpha-fetoprotein level, and abdominal ultrasound showing a large hepatic mass. A liver biopsy was positive for HCC with fluorescent in situ hybridization showing a PRKACA complex gene pattern, favoring the fibrolamellar type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

An Unusual Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Teenager

Ugonabo

Pulipati

Elghezewi

et al. 2023

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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“…As a metalloreductase involved in cellular iron and copper homeostasis, STEAP4 modulates inflammation. 10 Previous studies have revealed that STEAP4 is overexpressed and related to invasion and metastasis in various cancers, including prostate, lung, and colon cancers; 3 , 31 , 32 STEAP4 is also associated with the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. 10 However, it is unclear whether STEAP4 affects carcinogenesis and immune reactions in HCC patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis B (HBV) or C virus (HCV), are primarily affected. 3 Currently, the decreasing prevalence of HBV and HCV and the rising prevalence of metabolic conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, appear to have altered the primary risk factors for HCC in many countries. 4 Notably, the fundamental essence of the onset and progression of HCC, which requires a multistep process of genetic alterations in hepatocytes through persistent inflammatory stimulation, remains unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 4: An Indicator of Prognosis and Tumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ju¹,

Jang²,

Kang³

et al. 2023

JHC

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Purpose The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) has been linked to tumor progression via its involvement in inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and metabolism. However, STEAP4 has rarely been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored STEAP4 expression associated with tumor prognosis to understand its role in tumor biology in HCC. Patients and Methods STEAP4 mRNA and protein expressions were primarily analyzed using bioinformatics tools based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database to understand the expression pattern, molecular mechanism, prognostic impact, and association with immune cell infiltration. We further investigated the association between STEAP4 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters and their predictive value in HCC patients using immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Results The expression of STEAP4 mRNA and protein in HCC tissues was significantly lower than in normal liver tissues. Reduced expression of STEAP4 was linked to advanced HCC stages, poor recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival. Furthermore, reduced STEAP4 expression was a significant predictor of worse RFS in univariate and multivariate analyses in the immunohistochemical cohort. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses revealed that STEAP4 is related to numerous biological processes and pathways, including drug metabolism, DNA replication, RNA metabolism, and immune response. In terms of the immune system, the decreased level of STEAP4 was correlated with the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusion Our data indicated that reduced STEAP4 expression was significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis, possibly because of its link to various biological processes and induction of HCC immune evasion. Therefore, STEAP4 expression may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer progression and immunity, as well as a therapeutic target in HCC.

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“… 12 However, other molecules along with AFP have been widely studied with these aims, mainly Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence (PIVKA – also known as DCP – Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin) and AFP L3 (subfraction of AFP), alone or included in algorithms and could be useful. 13 Underlying aetiology is not a key feature taken into account in the management of HCC to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfatase 2 Along with Syndecan 1 and Glypican 3 Serum Levels are Associated with a Prognostic Value in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mouhoubi

Bamba‐Funck

Sutton

et al. 2022

JHC

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Sulfatase 2 (SULF2) is an enzyme related to heparan sulfate modifications. Its expression, as for some heparan sulfate proteoglycans expression, has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at mRNA level and immunohistochemistry staining on biopsy samples. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of serum levels of SULF2 in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis with or without HCC. Patients and Methods: Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were enrolled in this study: 164 without HCC, 57 with early HCC, and 66 with advanced HCC at inclusion. We analyzed the association between SULF2 serum levels and prognosis using Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analysis using a Cox model. Results: Child-Pugh C Patients have higher serum levels of SULF2 than Child-Pugh A patients. Serum levels of SULF2 were also higher in patients with advanced HCC compared with the other groups. In patients with advanced HCC, high serum levels of SULF2 were associated with less favorable overall survival. Combination of SULF2 with Glypican 3 (GPC3) and Syndecan 1 (SDC1) serum levels enhanced the ability to discriminate worst prognostic in advanced HCC. Conclusion: SULF2 along with GPC3 and SDC1 serum levels have been shown to be associated with a prognostic value in advanced HCC.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: current practice and future directions

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

An Unusual Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Teenager

An Unusual Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Teenager

Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 4: An Indicator of Prognosis and Tumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Sulfatase 2 Along with Syndecan 1 and Glypican 3 Serum Levels are Associated with a Prognostic Value in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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