Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastatic to the Orbit

Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration of the parotid gland

“…Diagnostic Cytopathology, Vol 30, No 6 area has a rich blood supply and it is likely that blood flow slows down in this area to allow deposition of metastatic cells. Furthermore, several references record metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the orbit, 8 presenting as painful proptosis (as in the present case). The present case, however, is exceptional because the medical literature, to the best of our knowledge, records only one other hepatocellular carcinoma that presented as a metastasis to the parotid gland (also diagnosed by FNA biopsy).…”

Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration of the parotid gland

“…Diagnostic Cytopathology, Vol 30, No 6 area has a rich blood supply and it is likely that blood flow slows down in this area to allow deposition of metastatic cells. Furthermore, several references record metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the orbit, 8 presenting as painful proptosis (as in the present case). The present case, however, is exceptional because the medical literature, to the best of our knowledge, records only one other hepatocellular carcinoma that presented as a metastasis to the parotid gland (also diagnosed by FNA biopsy).…”

Massive Orbital Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

“…4 Proptosis, visual disturbance, and ocular pain are the most frequent clinical findings. 4,7 There seems to be no lateral preponderance for orbital involvement by hepatocellular carcinoma, but the lesion was consistently unilateral in the case reports and series.…”

Ocular Clues to Liver Disease: A Strategic Diagnostic Lens

“…While extrahepatic metastases are present in approximately 10–23% of HCC patients at diagnosis, orbital involvement is exceedingly rare [ 47 ]. The most common presenting symptom is painful proptosis, reported in approximately half of documented cases [ 48 ]. In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ].…”

“…The most common presenting symptom is painful proptosis, reported in approximately half of documented cases [ 48 ]. In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ]. Imaging typically reveals a mass in the superolateral orbit with associated bone changes [ 48 ].…”

“…In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ]. Imaging typically reveals a mass in the superolateral orbit with associated bone changes [ 48 ]. Diagnosis requires histopathologic confirmation and immunohistochemical staining for hepatocyte-specific markers [ 48 ].…”

Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration of the parotid gland

“…Diagnostic Cytopathology, Vol 30, No 6 area has a rich blood supply and it is likely that blood flow slows down in this area to allow deposition of metastatic cells. Furthermore, several references record metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the orbit, 8 presenting as painful proptosis (as in the present case). The present case, however, is exceptional because the medical literature, to the best of our knowledge, records only one other hepatocellular carcinoma that presented as a metastasis to the parotid gland (also diagnosed by FNA biopsy).…”

Massive Orbital Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

“…4 Proptosis, visual disturbance, and ocular pain are the most frequent clinical findings. 4,7 There seems to be no lateral preponderance for orbital involvement by hepatocellular carcinoma, but the lesion was consistently unilateral in the case reports and series.…”

Ocular Clues to Liver Disease: A Strategic Diagnostic Lens

“…While extrahepatic metastases are present in approximately 10–23% of HCC patients at diagnosis, orbital involvement is exceedingly rare [ 47 ]. The most common presenting symptom is painful proptosis, reported in approximately half of documented cases [ 48 ]. In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ].…”

“…The most common presenting symptom is painful proptosis, reported in approximately half of documented cases [ 48 ]. In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ]. Imaging typically reveals a mass in the superolateral orbit with associated bone changes [ 48 ].…”

“…In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ]. Imaging typically reveals a mass in the superolateral orbit with associated bone changes [ 48 ]. Diagnosis requires histopathologic confirmation and immunohistochemical staining for hepatocyte-specific markers [ 48 ].…”

Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration of the parotid gland

“…Diagnostic Cytopathology, Vol 30, No 6 area has a rich blood supply and it is likely that blood flow slows down in this area to allow deposition of metastatic cells. Furthermore, several references record metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the orbit, 8 presenting as painful proptosis (as in the present case). The present case, however, is exceptional because the medical literature, to the best of our knowledge, records only one other hepatocellular carcinoma that presented as a metastasis to the parotid gland (also diagnosed by FNA biopsy).…”

Massive Orbital Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

“…4 Proptosis, visual disturbance, and ocular pain are the most frequent clinical findings. 4,7 There seems to be no lateral preponderance for orbital involvement by hepatocellular carcinoma, but the lesion was consistently unilateral in the case reports and series.…”

Ocular Clues to Liver Disease: A Strategic Diagnostic Lens

“…While extrahepatic metastases are present in approximately 10–23% of HCC patients at diagnosis, orbital involvement is exceedingly rare [ 47 ]. The most common presenting symptom is painful proptosis, reported in approximately half of documented cases [ 48 ]. In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ].…”

“…The most common presenting symptom is painful proptosis, reported in approximately half of documented cases [ 48 ]. In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ]. Imaging typically reveals a mass in the superolateral orbit with associated bone changes [ 48 ].…”

“…In a review of orbital HCC metastases, 56% of the 9 patients with orbital metastasis first presented to an ophthalmologist with symptoms from the orbital mass before the primary hepatic tumor was identified [ 48 ]. Imaging typically reveals a mass in the superolateral orbit with associated bone changes [ 48 ]. Diagnosis requires histopathologic confirmation and immunohistochemical staining for hepatocyte-specific markers [ 48 ].…”