Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Kuwait

Shaaban, AM; Salamah, R.; Elseud, Y. Abo; Mohanty, Asit; Albarrak, Jasem

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78737-0_15

Cited by 1 publication

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Studies have shown that a high body mass index, waist circumference, and T2D are associated with higher risks of HCC [ 11 ]. Possible mechanisms of T2D-associated increases in the risk of HCC may include indirect activation of insulin-like growth factor pathways, altering endogenous sex hormones, or chronic inflammation [ 14 , 34 , 35 ]. According to the most recent WHO reports, Egypt, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are among the ten countries in the world with the highest diabetes and prediabetes prevalence [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hcc Across the Gulf Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible mechanisms of T2D-associated increases in the risk of HCC may include indirect activation of insulin-like growth factor pathways, altering endogenous sex hormones, or chronic inflammation [ 14 , 34 , 35 ]. According to the most recent WHO reports, Egypt, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are among the ten countries in the world with the highest diabetes and prediabetes prevalence [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 ]. A recent retrospective study from a single center in Kuwait showed more than a third of the screened patients had T2D as a risk factor for HCC [ 14 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hcc Across the Gulf Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the most recent WHO reports, Egypt, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are among the ten countries in the world with the highest diabetes and prediabetes prevalence [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 ]. A recent retrospective study from a single center in Kuwait showed more than a third of the screened patients had T2D as a risk factor for HCC [ 14 ]. In another recent predictive modeling study on adults with obesity and T2D from Saudi Arabia and the UAE, prevalent cases of compensated cirrhosis and advanced liver disease were projected to double by 2030 [ 36 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hcc Across the Gulf Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GCC countries are marked by the diversity of their resident populations and exhibit one of the highest ratios of migrants to nationals in the world. More than half of the regional population is expatriate, with non-nationals comprising more than three-quarters of the populations in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. There has been a steady increase in the diagnosis of liver cancer in the GCC region, representing 5.2% of all cancers diagnosed between 1997 and 2007, possibly explained by the increase in population growth [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease [ 11 ]. The etiological differences among the population affected with HCC in the Gulf region make it imperative to develop and implement effective screening programs for early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In this review, we discuss the available literature on the epidemiological factors, clinicopathological characteristics, screening practices, and management strategies for intermediate- and advanced-stage HCC in the Gulf region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status of Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in The Gulf Region: Challenges and Recommendations

Albarrak

Al-Shamsi

2023

Cancers

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The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise in the Gulf region, with most patients being diagnosed in the intermediate or advanced stages. Surgery is a treatment option for only a few, and the majority of patients receive either locoregional treatment (percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization [TACE], radioembolization, radiotherapy, or transarterial radioembolization) or systemic therapy (for those ineligible for locoregional treatments or who do not benefit from TACE). The recent emergence of novel immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors has begun to change the landscape of systemic HCC treatment in the Gulf. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab is currently the preferred first-line therapy in patients not at risk of bleeding. Additionally, the HIMALAYA trial has demonstrated the superiority of the durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination (STRIDE regimen) therapy in efficacy and safety compared with sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC. However, there is a lack of data on post-progression treatment after first-line therapy with either atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab regimens, highlighting the need for better-designed studies for improved management of patients with unresectable HCC in the Gulf region.

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