Hepatitis G virus infection in lymphoma and in blood donors

Minton, Jane; Iqbal, Asif; Eskiturk, A; Irving, William L.; Davies, Jim

doi:10.1136/jcp.51.9.676

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The positive associations observed in the Canadian study and ours are consistent with results from previous but less definitive case-control studies (18–24). Some of these studies included NHL cases coinfected with HCV (18, 21, 24), and the controls in some studies were drawn from convenience groups (blood donors, cancer patients) which were not representative of the source population giving rise to the NHL cases (18, 20, 21, 23). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GBV-C Infection and Risk of NHL among U.S. Adults

et al. 2014

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Some retrospective studies suggest an association between infection with GB-virus C (GBV-C) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We evaluated this association prospectively in a nested case-control study within the U.S. Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). Cases (N=658) and controls (N=1,316) were individually-matched by age, sex, race/ethnicity, timing of study entry and sample selection. Pre-diagnostic PLCO serum samples were tested for GBV-C RNA (as a measure of active infection) and E2 antibody (active or resolved infection). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between GBV-C and NHL overall and NHL subtypes. Twelve cases (1.8%) and 7 controls (0.5%) were GBV-C RNA positive. GBV-C RNA positivity was associated with NHL overall (OR=3.43, 95% CI=1.35-8.71) and, based on small numbers, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR=5.31, 95% CI=1.54-18.36). The association with NHL persisted when the interval between testing and selection was greater than 4 years (OR=6.00, 95% CI= 1.21-29.73). In contrast, E2 antibody-positivity was not associated with NHL risk (OR=1.08, 95% CI=0.74-1.58). Our study demonstrates that GBV-C infection precedes development of NHL. GBV-C infection may play an etiologic role in a small proportion of NHL cases, perhaps by causing chronic immune stimulation or impaired immunosurveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GBV-C Infection and Risk of NHL among U.S. Adults

et al. 2014

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“…A high incidence of past GBV‐C infection might be present in patients with B cell‐NHLs . Some studies suggested an association between GBV‐C infection and NHL , but other authors could not make the same observation . Many of these studies comprised a small number of patients or lacked of controls, so this still represents a controversial issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus and GBV‐C virus prevalence among patients with B‐cell lymphoma in different European regions: a case‐control study of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group

Guidicelli

López‐Guillermo

Falcone

et al. 2011

Hematological Oncology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with some B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B cell-NHLs). Patients with HCV infection frequently show co-infections with GB virus C (GBV-C, formerly known as hepatitis G virus), and some studies have suggested a higher incidence of GBV-C infection in patients with B cell-NHLs. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the association between HCV and/or GBV-C infection and B cell-NHLs in different geographic areas. One hundred thirty-seven lymphoma cases and 125 non-lymphoma matched controls were enrolled in an international case-control study conducted in Switzerland (Bellinzona), Spain (Barcelona) and England (Southampton) on samples collected from 2001 to 2002. In Bellinzona (41 cases and 81 controls), the overall prevalence of HCV was 3.3% (4.9% in NHLs), and the overall prevalence of GBV-C was 24% (22% in NHLs). In Barcelona (46 cases and 44 controls), the prevalence of HCV was 10% (8.7% in NHLs) and the prevalence of GBV-C 20% (13% in NHLs). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of both infections between patients with NHL and controls. In Southampton, 50 NHL cases were analysed, none of them was found to be HCV-positive; therefore, no control group was analysed and GBV-C analysis was not performed, too. Both in Bellinzona and in Barcelona, the seropositivity rate was significantly lower for HCV than for GBV-C, suggesting that their transmission can be independent. The incidence of HCV was significantly higher in Barcelona than that in Bellinzona. This study confirmed the existence of marked geographic differences in the prevalence of HCV in NHL but cannot provide any significant evidence for an association between HCV and/or GBV-C and B-cell NHLs.

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“…and Ellenrieder et al .,24 but these studies were based on small numbers of patients and lacked controls. Others25–29 have shown a higher prevalence of GBV‐C RNA in cases vs . controls, but many of these studies were limited in sample size.…”

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confidence: 95%

GBV‐C/hepatitis G virus infection and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a case control study

Krajden¹,

Yu²,

Braybrook³

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We investigated whether there was an association between GBV‐C viremia and the development of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 553 NHL cases and 438 controls from British Columbia, Canada. Cases were aged 20–79, diagnosed between March 2000 and February 2004, and resident in Greater Vancouver or Victoria. Cases and controls were tested for GBV‐C RNA by RT‐PCR and positive samples were genotyped. Overall, GBV‐C RNA was detected in 4.5% of NHL cases vs. 1.8% of controls [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–6.69]. The association between GBV‐C RNA detection and NHL remained even after individuals with a history of prior transfusion, injection drug use and hepatitis C virus sero‐positivity were excluded. GBV‐C viremia showed the strongest association with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (adjusted OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 2.06–13.71). Genotyping was performed on 29/33 GBV‐C RNA positive individuals; genotypes 2a (n = 22); 2b (n = 5) and 3 (n = 2) were identified, consistent with the distribution of genotypes found in North America. This is the largest case‐control study to date associating GBV‐C viremia and NHL risk. As GBV‐C is known to be transmitted through blood products this may have important implications for blood safety.

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Hepatitis G virus infection in lymphoma and in blood donors

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

GBV-C Infection and Risk of NHL among U.S. Adults

GBV-C Infection and Risk of NHL among U.S. Adults

Hepatitis C virus and GBV‐C virus prevalence among patients with B‐cell lymphoma in different European regions: a case‐control study of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group

GBV‐C/hepatitis G virus infection and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a case control study

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