Hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and surface waters in Slovenia: Prevalence and molecular characterization of a novel genotype 3 lineage

Steyer, Andrej; Naglič, Tina; Močilnik, Tina; Poljšak-Prijatelj, Mateja; Poljak, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.07.007

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Water, including river water, can act as vehicles for HEV. For example, HEV has been detected in surface water in the Netherlands [24] and in Slovenia, where over 3% of the samples tested were positive [25]. Of the urban sewage samples taken in Spain, which neighbours the areas in this study, 30% were positive for HEV RNA [26].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 71%

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Seroprevalence in blood donors reveals widespread, multi-source exposure to hepatitis E virus, southern France, October 2011

Mansuy¹,

Sauné

Rech³

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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The apparent seroprevalence of hepatitis E Virus (HEV) varies greatly among developed countries depending on the geographical area and the sensitivity of immunoassays. We used a validated assay to determine the prevalence of HEV IgG and IgM antibodies among 3,353 blood donors living in southern France, who gave blood during the two first weeks of October 2011 and participated in the study. Demographic and epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire. We also screened 591 samples for HEV RNA. Overall IgG seroprevalence was 39.1% and varied from 20% to 71.3% depending on the geographical area (p < 0.001) while IgM seroprevalence was 3.31%. Anti-HEV IgG was significantly correlated with increasing age (p < 0.001), eating uncooked pork liver sausages (p < 0.001), offal (p = 0.003), or mussels (p = 0.02). Anti-HEV IgM was associated with being male (p = 0.01) and eating uncooked pork liver sausages (p = 0.02). HEV RNA was detected in one of the 99 anti-HEV IgM-positive samples, but in none of the 492 anti-HEV IgM-negative samples. HEV is hyperendemic in southern France. Dietary and culinary habits alone cannot explain the epidemiology of HEV in this region, indicating that other modes of contamination should be investigated.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 71%

“…The prevalence of HEV antibodies can reach 88% in pig farms in France [27], and HEV RNA is frequently detected in porcine stool samples at all times of the breeding cycle [25]. Hence, sewage from pig farms, slaughterhouses and cold meat factories, as well as humans, can pollute the environment and potentiate virus dissemination.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence in blood donors reveals widespread, multi-source exposure to hepatitis E virus, southern France, October 2011

Mansuy¹,

Sauné

Rech³

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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“…In developing regions outbreaks are generally caused by human specific genotypes 1 and 2 which are recognized as travel-associated HEV infections in developed countries. Genotypes 3 and 4 are considered to be causes of endemic infections with zoonotic potential since they were isolated from humans but also from different mammalian species and marine animals [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. HEV is acquired through the fecal-oral route, although sources of HEV frequently stay unrecognized [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E in patients with hepatic disorders and HIV-infected patients in Croatia: is one diagnostic method enough for hepatitis E diagnosis?

Rode

Jemeršić

Brnić

et al. 2014

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…However, these viruses were detected in Thailand in previous studies (22,25,(31)(32)(33)(34). The rate of EV gene detection ranges from 2.5-58.3z in children (25,31), and EV 71 is the dominant group (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Pigs are suspected to be a source of HEV transmission to humans in Thailand (32). In other countries, water samples collected near pig farms have tested positive for HEV genes (33). Flooding conditions have also been linked to increased incidences of EV and HEV infections (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterization of Enteric Viruses in Flood Water from the 2011 Thai Flood

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY:Severe flooding, which is associated with numerous outbreaks of a wide range of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by enteric viruses, occurred in all areas of Thailand in 2011. To determine the prevalence of five human enteric viruses, namely enterovirus, rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis E virus, in the flood water, 100 water samples were collected from flood-damaged areas in central Thailand. Viral RNA was extracted from concentrated samples and analyzed by RT-PCR and sequencing. NV was the most commonly detected pathogen in the tested samples (14z). RV and HAV were detected in 9z and 7z of samples, respectively. This study is the first to detect enteric viral genes in flood water in Thailand. Furthermore, it is the first to detect an NV gene in any type of environmental water in Thailand. These results provide useful information for estimating the risk of flood waterborne viral infection.

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Hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and surface waters in Slovenia: Prevalence and molecular characterization of a novel genotype 3 lineage

Cited by 48 publications

References 34 publications

Seroprevalence in blood donors reveals widespread, multi-source exposure to hepatitis E virus, southern France, October 2011

Seroprevalence in blood donors reveals widespread, multi-source exposure to hepatitis E virus, southern France, October 2011

Hepatitis E in patients with hepatic disorders and HIV-infected patients in Croatia: is one diagnostic method enough for hepatitis E diagnosis?

Detection and Characterization of Enteric Viruses in Flood Water from the 2011 Thai Flood

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