Hepatitis B virus transmission by blood transfusion during 4 years of individual‐donation nucleic acid testing in South Africa: estimated and observed window period risk

Vermeulen, Marion; Dickens, Caroline; Lelie, Nico; Walker, Evangelia; Coleman, Charl; Keyter, Mark; Reddy, Ravi Shankar; Crookes, Robert; Kramvis, Anna

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03355.x

Cited by 72 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…A much higher HBsAg prevalence (8.1%) was detected in 480 healthcare workers investigated by Kondili et al [62] in 2004 in Albania, in accordance with the widespread of HBV infection in this country. In this study, the highest rates of HBsAg positivity were found in the youngest age group (11.4% in the aged [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and in the auxiliaries (12.6%), but a high HBsAg prevalence (7.2%-7.5%) was also found in the healthcare workers aged over 30. The anti-HBc seroprevalence was also extremely high (70%) in this study and was associated with an age over 40 (OR = 2.9; 95%CI: 1.9-4.6).…”

Section: Studies On Hbv Infection In Healthcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Worthy of note, the screening of blood donors for markers of HBV infection has dramatically reduced the risk of HBV transmission through the transfusions of blood and blood products. At present, this risk is estimated as 1-4 cases per million blood components transfused in low-prevalence areas [29] and around 1 case per 20000 blood transfusions in high-prevalence regions [30] . The transfusion of infected blood and blood products was the most prominent route of transmission of HCV infection until 1989 [1,31] .…”

Section: Risk Factors For the Acquisition Of Hbv And Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Coppola

Pascalis

Onorato

et al. 2016

WJH

124

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Approximately 3 million healthcare workers per year receive an injury with an occupational instrument, with around 2000000 exposures to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 1000000 to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although an effective HBV vaccine has been available since the early eighties, and despite the worldwide application of universal vaccination programs started in the early nineties, HBV still remains a prominent agent of morbidity and mortality. There is no vaccine to limit the diffusion of HCV infection, which progresses to chronicity in the majority of cases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to a chronic liver disease. Healthcare workers are frequently exposed by a mucosal-cutaneous or percutaneous route to accidental contact with human blood and other potentially infectious biological materials while carrying out their occupational duties. Mucosal-cutaneous exposure occurs when the biological material of a potentially infected patient accidentally comes in contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes or mouth or with the skin of a healthcare worker. Percutaneous exposure occurs when an operator accidentally injures himself with a sharp contaminated object, like a needle, blade or other sharp medical instrument. About 75% of the total occupational exposure is percutaneous and 25% mucosal-cutaneous, the risk of infecting a healthcare worker being higher in percutaneous than in mucosal-cutaneous exposure. All healthcare workers should be considered for HBV vaccination and should meticulously apply the universal prophylactic measures to prevent exposure to HBV and HCV.

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Section: Studies On Hbv Infection In Healthcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Risk Factors For the Acquisition Of Hbv And Hcv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Coppola

Pascalis

Onorato

et al. 2016

WJH

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More recently, the HBV ID NAT yield was estimated more precisely at 1 : 19.608, of which 1 : 25.627 in pre-anti-HBc and 1 : 83.473 in post-anti-HBc window period [7].…”

Section: Developing Countries Among Developing Countries Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the decade of 1990, all developed and the majority of the developing countries have improved HIV screening with p24 component added to the enzyme immunoassays. The second half of the decade was marked by the development of nucleic acid testing (NAT) technology in blood bank setting, mainly for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), but also for HBV in the developed countries [6,7]. As public risk perception of transfusional risk sets high standards for the HIV, it eventually elevated blood safety standards for other diseases transmissible by blood transfusion, including HBV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NAT era has opened the possibility to directly verify the number of NAT-positive and serology-negative blood donors, denominated as "NAT yield", and to calculate its costutility with greater precision [7,8]. On the other hand, this important diagnostic advance has furthered the sharp divide in blood safety standards between the developed and the developing nations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

Kupek

2013

ISRN Infectious Diseases

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Despite a considerable reduction of the risk of HBV-infected blood donation entering blood supply (residual risk) due to improved screening by HBV NAT in the developed countries, the bulk of the people with HBV living in the developing countries still needs to be screened by serologic tests such as HBsAg and anti-HBc. Many of these countries lack resources for implementing NAT and are likely to remain so in the next decade or longer, thus depending on the HBV residual risk monitoring based on serologic testing and corresponding estimation methods. This paper reviews main HBV residual risk findings worldwide and the methods based on serology used for their calculation with repeat donors, as well as their extension to the first-time donors. Two artificial datasets with high (4.36%) and low (0.48%) HBV prevalence were generated to test the performance of five methods: the original incidence/window-period model based solely on HBsAg, its modification by Soldan in 2003, the Müller-Breitkreutz model, the HBsAg yield model, and its extension to include anti-HBc seroconversions within a year. The last model was closest to the true values of residual risk and had smallest variation of the estimates in both high and low prevalence data. It may be used for residual risk evaluation in relatively small samples, such as regional blood banks data.

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Neuroprotective activity of a virus‐safe nanofiltered human platelet lysate depleted of extracellular vesicles in Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury models

Delila

Nebie

et al. 2022

Bioengineering & Transla Med

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Brain administration of human platelet lysates (HPL) is a potential emerging biotherapy of neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases of the central nervous system. HPLs being prepared from pooled platelet concentrates, thereby increasing viral risks, manufacturing processes should incorporate robust virus‐reduction treatments. We evaluated a 19 ± 2‐nm virus removal nanofiltration process using hydrophilic regenerated cellulose hollow fibers on the properties of a neuroprotective heat‐treated HPL (HPPL). Spiking experiments demonstrated >5.30 log removal of 20–22‐nm non‐enveloped minute virus of mice‐mock particles using an immuno‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The nanofiltered HPPL (NHPPL) contained a range of neurotrophic factors like HPPL. There was >2 log removal of extracellular vesicles (EVs), associated with decreased expression of pro‐thrombogenic phosphatidylserine and procoagulant activity. LC‐MS/MS proteomics showed that ca. 80% of HPPL proteins, including neurotrophins, cytokines, and antioxidants, were still found in NHPPL, whereas proteins associated with some infections and cancer‐associated pathways, pro‐coagulation and EVs, were removed. NHPPL maintained intact neuroprotective activity in Lund human mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron model of Parkinson's disease (PD), stimulated the differentiation of SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells and showed preserved anti‐inflammatory function upon intranasal administration in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, nanofiltration of HPL is feasible, lowers the viral, prothrombotic and procoagulant risks, and preserves the neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory properties in neuronal pre‐clinical models of PD and TBI.

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Hepatitis B virus transmission by blood transfusion during 4 years of individual‐donation nucleic acid testing in South Africa: estimated and observed window period risk

Cited by 72 publications

References 39 publications

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers

Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

Neuroprotective activity of a virus‐safe nanofiltered human platelet lysate depleted of extracellular vesicles in Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury models

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