Hepatitis B in Ghana: a systematic review &amp; meta-analysis of prevalence studies (1995-2015)

Ofori‐Asenso, Richard; Agyeman, Akosua Adom

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1467-5

Cited by 156 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…and 12.3%; 95% CI 11.3-13.4%32 ) and a study among recent (< 5 years) migrants of Ghanaian ethnicity in Spain (15/92; 16.3%; 95% CI 9.8-24.8%) 33. …”

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confidence: 95%

Hepatitis B and C screening needs among different ethnic groups: A population-based study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

et al. 2019

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Background & Aims: Data on the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections, including the proportion of individuals aware of infection, are scarce among migrants living in Europe. We estimated the prevalence of past and present HBV and HCV infection, along with their determinants and peoples' awareness of infection status, among different groups of first-generation migrants and Dutch-origin residents of Amsterdam.Methods: Cross-sectional data of 998 Surinamese (mostly South-Asian and African-Surinamese), 500 Ghanaian, 497 Turkish, 498 Moroccan and 500 Dutch-origin participants from the observational population-based HELIUS study were used. Blood samples of participants were tested for HBV and HCV infection. Infection awareness was determined using records from participants' general practitioners.Results: Age-and gender-adjusted chronic HBV prevalence was highest among Ghanaian participants (5.4%), followed by Turkish (4.1%), African-Surinamese (1.9%), Moroccan (1.2%), South-Asian Surinamese (0.9%) and Dutch (0.4%) participants. A total of 58.1% of the cases were aware of their infection. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, Ghanaian (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 42.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.29-192.01), African-Surinamese (aOR 6.16; 95% CI 1.27-29.79), and Turkish (aOR 13.44; 95% CI 2.94-61.39) participants were at increased risk of chronic HBV infection compared with those of Dutch origin. Older participants were also at increased risk (aOR 1.02 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.05), whereas women were at lower risk (aOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.83). HCV prevalence was 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-1.3%) among Dutch and African-Surinamese and 0% (95% CI 0.0-0.5%) for each of the other groups; all cases with follow-up data were aware of their infection. Conclusions:Ghanaian, Turkish and African-Surinamese first-generation migrants are at increased risk of chronic HBV infection and many are unaware of their infection, whereas HCV prevalence was low among all ethnic groups. Screening campaigns are urgently warranted and need to consider specific ethnic groups.

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“…and 12.3%; 95% CI 11.3-13.4%32 ) and a study among recent (< 5 years) migrants of Ghanaian ethnicity in Spain (15/92; 16.3%; 95% CI 9.8-24.8%) 33. …”

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confidence: 95%

Hepatitis B and C screening needs among different ethnic groups: A population-based study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

et al. 2019

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“…The main factors associated with MTCT were investigated quantitatively, while the responses from the questionnaires were used to evaluate how HBsAg positive pregnancies were managed in the clinic. Given that the estimated national prevalence of individuals with CHB is approximately 12.3% in Ghana [10], the finding that only three of the 51 infants were HBsAg positive in this study was somewhat lower than anticipated. This is an important observation and appears to align more closely with the 8.3% HBV maternofetal transmission rate in chronic carriersobserved by Candotti et al in Kumasi [22] and the 8.7% seroprevalence reported by Amidu et al in the nearby Ashanti region [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In Ghana, chronic infection with HBV is considered highly endemic. In a recent systematic review of 30 studies across all 10 regions, Ofori-Asenso & Agyeman found that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity was 12.3% [10]. These figures are more or less in line with a systematic review conducted by Schweitzer et al which estimated that the prevalence of chronic HBV in Ghana was 12.9% [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission in the Eastern Region of Ghana: A cross-sectional pilot study

Hambridge

Nartey

Duah³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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26Background 27 Hepatitis B is a major health concern in Ghana, where prevalence of the virus remains high and 28 most chronic patients are infected during childhood or at birth. There are several factors which 29 can influence transmission risk from an infected mother to her infant, such as the presence of 30 viral markers, the viral load and the use of prophylactic interventions. It is therefore important 31 to determine the prevalence and main factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of 32 hepatitis B in the context of Ghana. 33 Materials and methods 34 In this cross-sectional pilot study, hepatitis B testing was performed on infants born to infected 35 mothers at a single site in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Test results were matched to a 36 questionnaire which consisted of variables related to pregnancy and birth conditions. This was 37 primarily a descriptive study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B mother-to-child 38 transmission as well as the preventive interventions and diagnostic methods used. The study 39 variables were also analysed independently using Fisher's exact test, while mother's age at the 40 time of delivery was assessed using univariate logistic regression. 41 Results 42A total of 51 cases were included in the study and three (5.9%) of the infants tested positive. 43No significant association was observed between mother's age and mother-to-child 44 transmission (OR: 1.077, 95% CI: 0.828 -1.403, p=0.58). A majority of infants received the 45 standard hepatitis B vaccination schedule (96.1%) while two-thirds received the birth dose. 46There was no significant association observed between the clinical interventions reported in 47 the study and mother-to-child transmission. Testing for viral markers and the use of antiviral 48 therapy during pregnancy were absent in the population and could not be reliably assessed. 49 Conclusion 50There was a low prevalence of HBV mother-to-child transmission observed despite a clear 51 absence of viral marker and viral load testing. It is recommended that viral profile analysis is 52 performed for hepatitis B positive pregnancies to identify high risk cases.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a global health concern, with an estimated 2 billion people 55 serologically positive worldwide [1]. According to a recent report from the World Health 56 Organization (WHO), approximately 257 million individuals were chronically ill with the 57 disease in 2015 [2]. Moreover, global mortality from hepatitis B is increasing, accounting for 58 up to 1.2 million deaths per year [3]. In high prevalence areas, HBV infection is typically 59 acquired during childhood or through perinatal transmission [4]. Mother-to-child transmission 60 (MTCT) can refer to three separate modes of transmission: during pregnancy (intrauterine 61 infection); during delivery; or postpartum horizontal transmission through breastfeeding or 62 daily contact [5]. It is estimated that 90% of infected newborns will go on to develop chronic 63 hepatitis B (CHB) and are at...

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“…However, a lower prevalence estimate (2.03%) was obtained from the Eastern Mediterranean countries [101]. The current prevalence among blood donors was much lower than findings from Nigeria 14%, Ghana 11.75%, Burkina Faso 11.73%, and Cameroon 10.5% [96][97][98][99]. The possible explanation could be due to high endemicity of the virus in the said countries than Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia

Yazie

Tebeje

2019

Preprint

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Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the major public health concerns globally. It is highly infectious and can be transmitted from person to person through vertically or horizontally via contaminated body fluids. Despite the provision of an effective vaccine, it remains a major problem worldwide, particularly among the developing countries. Methods: Online electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and WHO Afro Library were searched and published articles from 2010 to June 8, 2019, were considered. Both authors independently screened articles and extracted the data. Funnel-Plots and Egger’s test statistics were used to determine the presence of small-study effects and publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HBV was analyzed using the random-effects model. The possible sources of heterogeneity was analyzed through subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. Results: The overall pooled prevalence of HBV was 6% and among subgroups, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and HIV positive patients accounted for 5% for each group. Relatively low prevalence (4%) was obtained among blood donors. The Egger’s test statistics ( p =0.747) indicated the absence of publication bias. In addition, from the sensitivity analysis, there was no influence on the overall effect estimate while removing a single study at a time. The level of heterogeneity was reduced among pregnant women, HIV positive and studies with unknown sampling techniques. After conducting meta-regression, province, study group, screening method, and quality of papers were identified as sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions: The overall pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia was high. Strengthening and scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program and implementing novel approaches including screen-and-treat could be implemented to reduce the burden of the disease. Generally, the study can provide current prevalence estimate of HBV that could vital for intervention to tackle the disease.

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Hepatitis B in Ghana: a systematic review & meta-analysis of prevalence studies (1995-2015)

Cited by 156 publications

References 52 publications

Hepatitis B and C screening needs among different ethnic groups: A population-based study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Hepatitis B and C screening needs among different ethnic groups: A population-based study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission in the Eastern Region of Ghana: A cross-sectional pilot study

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia

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