Hepatitis-B Antigen in Iran: Frequency and Subtype

Saidi, S; Farrohi, KH; McCollum, Robert W.; Bouvier, George L. Le

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92833-4

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…17,18 In our study, the majority of donors were infected with HBV subtype ay. These results are similar to those reported from other Middle Eastern countries 19,20 and the Indian subcontinent (personal observation) but differ from European, American, and Far Eastern donors who predominantly belong to subtype ad. 14,17,21 Recent investigations have shown that non-A, non-B hepatitis accounts for approximately 90% of all cases of post-transfusion hepatitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis B Virus Markers among the Blood Donors in Medina Munawara

et al. 1988

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Three hundred sixty-nine male blood donors from Medina Munawara were studied for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. Serologic evidence of exposure to HBV was noted in 48%. A majority of these individuals showed the presence of antibodies, and only 7.6% were documented as HBsAg carriers. The infection was usually caused by HBV subtype ay. A strong positive correlation existed between infection rate, age, and poor socioeconomic conditions. We presume that improvement in the socioeconomic conditions and timely vaccination may help in reducing the infection rate. The discovery of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by Blumberg et al 1 led to the recognition that blood or blood products of a healthy donor could be infectious. In order to avoid post-transfusion hepatitis, sensitive methods were developed to test the blood and blood products for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, and the prevalence of these markers was studied in various parts of the world. In Saudi Arabia several studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of HBsAg among the healthy population. The results of these studies show that the rate varies from 2% to 20% depending on the detection method used and the population studied. [3][4][5] HBsAg is present in about 8% to 12% of the Saudi male blood donors in the Eastern Province and Riyadh, 6-8 while 20% to 26% of Saudi males in Gizan and Khaiber areas may be termed as carriers. 4,5 As variation exists in the rates of HBV infection in different parts of the country, the present study was undertaken to determine the frequency of HBV markers in the blood donors in Medina Munawara and to find the predominant HBsAg subtype (ad or ay) among the carriers.It has been suggested that in the absence of serologic markers for HBV, unexplained elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) could be due to the presence of non-A, non-B virus.9 Therefore, serum ALT levels were also determined in this study to assess the frequency of the non-A, non-B carrier state. Materials and MethodsDuring the period of October 1986 to March 1987 blood specimens were collected at the Central Blood Bank, Medina Munawara, on a random basis from 369 healthy blood donors, who were required by the Ministry of Interior to donate blood before they were issued a Saudi driver's license. Each donor completed a form to provide information pertaining to age, marital status, education, and nationality. Among the donors, 234 were Saudi nationals, while the non-Saudi group comprised 20 different nationalities. An aliquot of specimen was allowed to clot; serum was separated by centrifugation, and pending analysis, sera were stored frozen at -20°C. Estimation of ALT on these samples was carried out as early as possible, mostly within 1 week of collection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hepatitis B Virus Markers among the Blood Donors in Medina Munawara

et al. 1988

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“…Many years after the first reports on the prevalence of HBV and HCV, which were published in Iran between 1972 and 1994 (9, 10), conducting similar studies shows an increasing trend in recent years. Most of these studies were carried out on special populations including; hemophilia or thalassemic patients, intravenous drug users and blood donors (11-16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In addition to these explanations, we should emphasize the effects of the HBV mass vaccination project that has been implemented in Iran since 1993, which seems to have successfully lowered the prevalence of HBV infection in recent years. The first reports on the prevalence of HBV infection in Iran were published in 1972 (10). Afterwards, a growing number of studies have focused on this issue indicating its importance, and need for further attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Anti Hepatitis C Antibody in Zahedan City, Iran: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThere have been studies regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb) in Iran. However, the majority of these have reported a variety of rates, depending on their study population, which limits the generalizability of their results to the general population. On the other hand, cultural diversity in the different provinces of Iran also necessitates the performing separate population-based studies in the various regions.ObjectivesTo evaluate the population-based prevalence of HBsAg and HCVAb and their correlates in Zahedan City, Iran.Patients and MethodsIncluded in this study were 2587 individuals, using a random and cluster sampling approach. The participants were drawn from the Family Registry of the public health centers in Zahedan City, Iran, from 2008 to 2009. Following data collection from the interviews, subjects were assessed for seropositivity of HBsAg and HCVAb. We then calculated the prevalence of HBsAg and HCVAb, and evaluated these viral markers for an association with; age, sex and potential risk factors.ResultsWeighted seroprevalence of HBsAg and HCVAb was 2.5% (CI 95% : 1.9 to 3.3 %) and 0.5% (CI 95% : 0.27 to 0.9 %), respectively. Prevalence of HBsAg increased significantly with age (P value < 0.001), but this was not true for HCVAb (P value: 0.67). We observed no sex dominance in the prevalence of HBsAg (3.2% and 2.2% for males and females, respectively, P value: 0.15) or HCVAb (0.4% and 0.7% for males and females, respectively, P value: 0.27). In a multivariate regression analysis, every additional year in age resulted in a 2% increment in the odds of HBsAg seropositivity. HBsAg was also three times more prevalent among married, than single subjects (with a P value reaching toward significance: 0.065) in multivariate analysis. Prevalence of HCVAb did not differ with respect to any of the potential risk factors.ConclusionsThis is the first population-based study on the prevalence of HCVAb and one of the few population based studies on HBsAg in Zahedan City. We detected lower prevalence rates of HBsAg and HCVAb than in previous studies conducted in Zahedan City. In addition to improvements in social awareness and general health elements, we think that the observed low prevalence rates have been achieved due to the efficiency of mass vaccination projects, implemented against HBV infection in Iran.

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“…9 The prevalence of HBV is associated with the sociocultural and economic climate in which Iran is considered as a region with low endemicity. 10 Neonates are exposed to contagious HBV infection vertically from mother or horizontally by means of blood products and body secretions. There are different prevalence rates of HBV infection in various countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Estimating the Risk Factors for the Transfer of Hepatitis B Virus Using Multivariate Analysis Model: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Bahardoust

Mokhtare

Sarveazad

et al. 2019

Int J Epidemiol Res

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Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the important public health diseases in Iran. Therefore, to control the prevalence of the disease, knowledge is required regarding the risk factor of HBV. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of HB transmission. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the possible risk factors of HBV transmission. To this end, a total of 171 patients with HBV infection and 171 controls from Rasoul-eAkram hospital were investigated during 2015-2018. All subjects were directly evaluated using a faceto-face questionnaire about demographic aspects. Finally, HBV infection and its risk factors among the subjects were detected using hepatitis B surface antigen test. Results: Overall, 171 HBV patients including 77 (42%) males and 93 (58%) females were evaluated. The mean age of the participants was 40 ± 13 years. Univariate logistic analysis showed that HBV infection in these cases was associated with addiction injection (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, CI:1.3- 9.57), family history (OR = 4.52, CI: 1.27-10.7), and having a history of blood transfusion (OR = 3.16, CI: 1.52-5.37). There were no significant relationships between the liver function tests, alcohol consumption, the history of dental visits, and HBV participants. In addition, the logistic-regression model proved that patients with a history of HBV-infected parents (At least one of them) and addiction injection were severely subject to HB infection. In other words, there was a significant association between a history of HBV-infected parents and addiction injection and HB infection. Conclusion: In general, HBV infection was strongly related to having a family member infected with hepatitis B, suffering from addiction injection, and having blood injection.

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Hepatitis-B Antigen in Iran: Frequency and Subtype

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Hepatitis B Virus Markers among the Blood Donors in Medina Munawara

Hepatitis B Virus Markers among the Blood Donors in Medina Munawara

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Anti Hepatitis C Antibody in Zahedan City, Iran: A Population-Based Study

Epidemiology and Estimating the Risk Factors for the Transfer of Hepatitis B Virus Using Multivariate Analysis Model: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

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