Hepatitis A and B among young persons who inject drugs—Vaccination, past, and present infection

Collier, Melissa G.; Drobeniuc, Jan; Cuevas-Mota, Jazmine; Garfein, Richard S.; Kamili, Saleem; Teshale, Eyasu H.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.019

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This study is one of the few that assessed serological markers for HAV and HBV susceptibility among this group. 23 A notable proportion of participants showed evidence of previous HBV and HCV infection, consistent with known associations among PWUD. 10,11 Many participants were also susceptible to HAV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…1,24 Although studies on the seroprevalence of HAV and HBV susceptibility among SSP participants are limited, some studies were conducted among similar populations. 23,25,26 One study conducted among PWID found higher proportions of HAV and HBV susceptibility than our study did. 23 A study using a nationally representative sample also found higher proportions of HAV and HBV susceptibility than our study did.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Susceptibility to Hepatitis A and B Virus Among Clients at a Syringe Services Program in Philadelphia, 2018

et al. 2020

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Objectives Although many people who use drugs meet criteria for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), estimates of susceptibility (ie, lack of immunity) are not well established. This study sought to identify the prevalence of and characteristics associated with HAV and HBV susceptibility among people who use drugs attending an urban syringe services program. Methods We initiated this seroprevalence study in 2018 among 438 clients of a syringe services program who met study criteria, including provision of a blood specimen and a self-reported history of drug use. We assessed HAV and HBV susceptibility and infection via serological testing. We examined associations between participant characteristics and serology status by using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of the initial 438 clients identified, 353 (80.6%) met study criteria. Of 352 participants with conclusive HAV test results, 48.6% (n = 171) were HAV susceptible; of 337 participants with conclusive HBV test results, 32.6% (n = 110) were HBV susceptible, 24.3% (n = 82) showed evidence of past or present HBV infection, and 43.0% (n = 145) had vaccine-derived immunity. Compared with participants born before 1970, participants born during 1980-1989 had 5.90 (95% CI, 2.42-14.40) times the odds of HAV susceptibility and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.06-0.53) times the odds of HBV susceptibility, and participants born during 1990-1999 had 6.31 (95% CI, 2.34-17.00) times the odds of HAV susceptibility. Decreased odds of HAV susceptibility were associated with homelessness (adjusted odds ratio = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82). Conclusion Despite applicable HAV and HBV vaccination recommendations, substantial gaps exist in HAV and HBV susceptibility among a population of people who use drugs. These findings highlight the need for increased HAV and HBV vaccination efforts among people who use drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Susceptibility to Hepatitis A and B Virus Among Clients at a Syringe Services Program in Philadelphia, 2018

et al. 2020

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“…Person-to-person transmission of HAV between those who report drug use or homelessness can result from unsafe sanitary conditions or specific sexual contact or practices, or it can be parenterally transmitted through contaminated needles or other injection paraphernalia ( 4 – 6 ). Transient housing, economic instability, limited access to health care, and distrust of government services make outbreaks among affected populations more difficult to control, requiring tailored comprehensive public health interventions that address their specific circumstances and needs ( 5 – 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A Virus Outbreaks Associated with Drug Use and Homelessness — California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah, 2017

Foster¹,

Ramachandran²,

Myatt³

et al. 2018

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

102

115

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“…Our study reported that 39.0% of HIV-HCV-coinfected people had anti-HBc reactivity. Anti-HBc alone in the HIV population can be interpreted as a marker of occult hepatitis B (43) , a phenomenon that may be caused by either a resolved HBV infection (44) , or loss of anti-HBs over time (45) ; other studies have reinforced these findings (43,46) . In addition, in our study, we found a high frequency of patients with HBeAg (50%) among HIV-HBV-coinfected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of HCV Genotypes and Hiv-Subtypes Among Hiv-Coinfected Patients in Southern Brazil

Silva

Peder

Thomazella

et al. 2019

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) are the two most common infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of HIV subtypes and HCV genotypes in HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out into two reference centers in Southern Brazil between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2016. The Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II system was used for routine diagnostics to determine the HCV genotype based on dual-target real-time PCR. Proviral HIV-1 RNA was extracted from serum samples and fragments of the pol gene were generated by PCR. The HIV-1 PT and RT gene sequences were submitted to Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic analysis by collecting reference sequences from the HIV-1 group M subtype of the Los Alamos database. RESULTS: During the study period, 3340 patients with HIV were diagnosed at both referral centers, of which 4.97% (166/3340) had HBV and/or HCV coinfection. Seroprevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV was 37.4%, 58.4%, and 4.2%, respectively. HIV-HCV-coinfected patients had a lower median nadir CD4+ T-cell count when compared to HIV-HBV-coinfected patients (P=0.01). Among those coinfected with HCV, HCV-1 (HCV-1) and HCV-3 (HCV-3) genotypes were the most prevalent, being detected in 73.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Among the HCV-1 coinfected patients, 79.3% and 20.1% had subtypes 1a and 1b, respectively. HIV subtype B was the most prevalent in HIV-coinfected patients. There was no significant difference regarding nadir CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load when compared to coinfected with HCV-1 with HCV-3, as well as those co-infected with HCV-1a with HCV-1b. CONCLUSION: In the present study, a higher frequency of subtype B of HIV and HCV-1 were found in HIV-coinfected patients. Further larger-scale and long-term studies are needed to better understand the effect of HCV genotypes in HIV-infected patients.

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Hepatitis A and B among young persons who inject drugs—Vaccination, past, and present infection

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Susceptibility to Hepatitis A and B Virus Among Clients at a Syringe Services Program in Philadelphia, 2018

Susceptibility to Hepatitis A and B Virus Among Clients at a Syringe Services Program in Philadelphia, 2018

Hepatitis A Virus Outbreaks Associated with Drug Use and Homelessness — California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah, 2017

Profile of HCV Genotypes and Hiv-Subtypes Among Hiv-Coinfected Patients in Southern Brazil

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