Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Its Disorders in Fish

Li, Xinyu; Han, Tao; Zheng, Shixuan; Wu, Guoyao

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_11

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…In addition, high starch diets led to abnormal lipid metabolism in carnivorous fish, with large amounts of lipids deposited in the liver, such as barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) ( Wade et al, 2020 ) and European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L. ) ( Viegas et al, 2016 ). This suggests that different fish behave differently in response to high starch diets, with excess glucose stored in the liver as glycogen or as triglycerides ( Li et al, 2022 ). In this study, although high starch diet did not affect the growth performance of largemouth bass, it significantly promoted liver whitening and increased hepatopancreas index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Starch in Diet Leads to Disruption of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Liver Fibrosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Which is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Due to its special flavour and cheapness, starch is a source of nutrition for humans and most animals, some of whom even prefer to consume large amounts of starchy foods. However, the use of starch by carnivorous fish is limited and excessive starch intake can lead to liver damage, but the mechanism of damage is not clear. Therefore, in this study, two isonitrogenous and isolipid semi-pure diets, Z diet (0% starch) and G diet (22% starch), were formulated, respectively. The largemouth bass (M. salmoides) cultured in fiberglass tanks were randomly divided into two groups and fed the two diets for 45 days. Blood and liver were collected on day 30 and 45 for enzymology, histopathology, ultramicropathology, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to investigate the damage of high starch on the liver of largemouth bass and its damage mechanism. The results showed that the high starch not affect the growth performance of largemouth bass. However, high starch caused a whitening of the liver and an increase in hepatopancreas index (HSI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. Histopathological observations showed that high starch led to severe vacuolisation, congestion, and moderate to severe necrotizing hepatitis in the liver. The high starch intake led to a significant increase in postprandial blood glucose and insulin in serum of largemouth bass, promoting the synthesis and accumulation of large amounts of hepatic glycogen in the liver, leading to the loss of hepatocyte organelles and inducing liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, high starch induced the production of oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 10,927 and 2,656 unique genes in the G and Z groups, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 19 pathways were significantly enriched, including those related to glucose metabolism and cell survival. Network mapping based on enrichment pathways and differential expressing genes showed the emergence of a regulatory network dominated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This indicated that the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a very important role in this process, regulating the liver injury caused by high starch. Our results provide a reference for the mechanism of liver injury caused by high starch, and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for liver injury caused by high starch.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Starch in Diet Leads to Disruption of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Liver Fibrosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Which is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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“…In recent years, research on glycolipid metabolism and the regulation of largemouth bass has become a hot spot in aquaculture. In some carnivorous fish, the liver has a low ability to regulate glycolysis 10 Aquaculture Nutrition and gluconeogenesis, and this could result in serious metabolic disorders, including glycogenic liver disease and hepatic steatosis, in long-term culture [40]. In our experiment, the regulatory effect of dietary lysine on hepatic glyco-lipid metabolism in largemouth bass through the AKT/ FoxO1 pathway was explored.…”

Section: Akt/foxo1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Growth Performance and Glycolipid Metabolism via the AKT/FoxO1 Pathway in Juvenile Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides

Huang

Liang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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A 56-day feeding experiment was conducted to determine the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and investigate the effects of dietary lysine on growth, whole-body composition, and hepatic gene expression related to glycolipid metabolism via the AKT/FoxO1 pathway. The juveniles ( 17.34 ± 0.02 g) were fed six graded lysine levels (2.11% (control), 2.56%, 2.92%, 3.33%, 3.68%, and 4.09%, dry diet). The results showed that the 3.33% dietary lysine level significantly increased the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group. The whole-body composition was not significantly affected by dietary lysine levels, while lowest hepatic lipid contents were found in the 2.92% and 3.33% dietary lysine groups. Regarding glycolipid metabolism, compared with the control group, 3.33% dietary lysine improved the protein kinase B (AKT) and inhibited the forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), thus upregulated the pyruvate kinase (PK) mRNA levels to enhance glycolysis. Furthermore, sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were downregulated by 3.33% dietary lysine, which caused the downregulation of lipid synthesis-related genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC) and stearyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) mRNA. In addition, 3.33% dietary lysine promoted the expression of the lipolysis-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1). According to the quadratic regression analysis based on the FCR and SGR values, the optimal dietary lysine levels were estimated to be 3.03% and 3.07% of the diet (6.39% and 6.48% of dietary protein), respectively.

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“…The ability of sh to utilise dietary carbohydrates is directly dependent on amylase activity (Salze et al 2011). It has been seen that amylase and protease activities in sh is often found higher when fed with complex carbohydrates than simple carbohydrate (Salze et al 2011;Li et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathway is also very active in sh (Polakof et al 2012). However, the different class of carbohydrates in uence sh digestion and nutrient metabolism differently (Bergot 1979;Cui et al 2010;Lu et al 2018;Li et al 2021).This shows that the metabolic enzymes could be used as potential indicators for the selection of adequate carbohydrate sources and utilisation e ciency by the sh species. There is a relationship between dietary carbohydrate source and antioxidant status of the sh (Han et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the excessive dietary carbohydrate reduces the liver antioxidant capacity in sh (Han et al, 2021). Some studies indicates that the complexity of carbohydrate also in uences the antioxidant status in sh (Li et al, 2021). The activities of antioxidant enzymes with dietary carbohydrate complexity could co-relate with better health status and immunity in sh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status and metabolic enzyme activity in pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis), fed carbohydrates of different complexities

Ramachandramoorthi

Pradhan

Kalaivanan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A 60-days feeding study was conducted to assess the capacity of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis to utilize different complexity of carbohydrate in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, metabolic and digestive enzyme activity and histology of liver. Five isonitrogenous (35%) and isolipidic (7%) diets were formulated to contain 35% of glucose (GLU-feed), sucrose (SUC-feed), dextrin (DEX-feed), starch (STA-feed) and cellulose (CEL-feed), respectively. The survival and condition factor were not affected (p > 0.05) by the diets. Fish fed with the STA-feed showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain and specific growth rate. The feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and alike in STA-feed and Dex-feed groups. Except for protein, the other whole-body composition was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the different carbohydrate sources. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groups fed on complex carbohydrate diets when compared to simple forms. Simillarly, the protease enzyme activity was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in starch and cellulose fed groups. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher dry matter digestibility was recorded in starch fed group. STA-feed group increased the specific activity of malate dehydrogenase and hexokinase.The glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the GLU-feed group, and gradually decreased with increase in the complexity of carbohydrates.The DEX-feed and CEL-feed groups showed heavy fatty change with numerous large lipid droplets as compared to other groups. Overall, these results indicate that dietary starch was more efficiently utilized than other carbohydrate sources by pearlspot.

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Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Its Disorders in Fish

Cited by 25 publications

References 173 publications

High Starch in Diet Leads to Disruption of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Liver Fibrosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Which is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

High Starch in Diet Leads to Disruption of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Liver Fibrosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Which is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Growth Performance and Glycolipid Metabolism via the AKT/FoxO1 Pathway in Juvenile Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status and metabolic enzyme activity in pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis), fed carbohydrates of different complexities

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