Hepatic emphysema associated with ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in a dog

Westgren, Frida; Hjorth, T; Uhlhorn, Margareta; Etterlin, Pernille Engelsen; Ley, Charles J.

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-56-25

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Moreover, a poor outcome was associated with an increase of liver enzymes and liver neoplasia, and both factors were linked to parenchymal emphysema. In fact, parenchymal emphysema was always seen concomitant to liver lesions, such as suppurative hepatitis and neoplasia, which have a poor prognosis per se . Ultrasound was useful for identifying liver abscesses, which are described on ultrasound as poorly echogenic cavitated areas with enhancement artifact .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, parenchymal emphysema was always seen concomitant to liver lesions, such as suppurative hepatitis and neoplasia, which have a poor prognosis per se. [3][4][5][6][7] Ultrasound was useful for identifying liver abscesses, which are described on ultrasound as poorly echogenic cavitated areas with enhancement artifact. 2,3 In this study, abscesses containing gas were always multiple and concomitant to other ultrasonographic changes of the parenchyma, indicating diffuse hepatitis.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatic emphysema is a rare occurrence in veterinary medicine and gas may be located in the liver parenchyma, portal veins, and biliary tract . In dogs and cats, hepatic emphysema has been associated with poor underlying causes, such as hepatic abscess, emphysematous hepatitis, liver lobe torsion, percutaneous ultrasound‐guided biopsy as a result of infection, or hepatic neoplasia . Hepatic portal venous gas can be secondary to gastric dilation‐volvulus, necrotic proximal gastroenteritis, severe ulcerative colitis, acute mesenteric ischemia, functional ileus, ingestion of hydrogen peroxide, following surgery or secondary to gastro‐intestinal pneumatosis and generally carries a poor prognosis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic differentiation between portal venous and parenchymal gas may be important for the prognosis of canine and feline hepatic emphysema: 37 cases

Manfredi

Fabbi

Bonazzi

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The aim of this retrospective, cross‐sectional, study was to evaluate clinical findings and outcomes for different ultrasonographic patterns of hepatic emphysema in dogs and cats. Dogs and cats with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatic emphysema and a known outcome, from January 2010 to January 2018, were enrolled. The following data were recorded from medical and ultrasonographic records: ultrasonographic patterns of hepatic emphysema (parenchymal, portal venous, biliary), clinical signs, laboratory findings, and outcomes (favorable, poor). A total of 33 dogs and four cats met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 23 cases were classified as hepatic portal venous gas, 10 as parenchymal emphysema, and four as biliary emphysema. Clinical diagnosis categories were as follows: infection/sepsis (9), gastro‐intestinal disease (9), iatrogenic (9), trauma (5), and liver neoplasia (5). An increase in serum liver enzymes was significantly associated with parenchymal emphysema (P = .03). Other clinical and laboratory findings were not associated with the type of hepatic emphysema. Hepatic portal venous gas was mostly transient in patients with ultrasonographic follow‐up. The overall mortality was 40.5%. A significant difference was found between mortality by portal venous gas (21.7%) and mortality by parenchymal emphysema (90%) (P = .003). In conclusion, the ultrasonographic differentiation of hepatic emphysema between hepatic portal venous gas and parenchymal emphysema may be important for the prognosis of hepatic emphysema. The presence of parenchymal emphysema may be a poor prognostic indicator, while hepatic portal venous gas may be more benign. However, ultrasound findings should be carefully evaluated in the context of clinical findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonographic differentiation between portal venous and parenchymal gas may be important for the prognosis of canine and feline hepatic emphysema: 37 cases

Manfredi

Fabbi

Bonazzi

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The signs of icterus, PU, PD, and dehydration observed in this study have been earlier reported in hepatic disorders [ 1 , 7 ], but these signs have not been specifically documented for liver cirrhosis of dogs. Jaundice and icterus are hallmark of hepatic disorders [ 1 ] and clinically hepatic dysfunction may be manifested by signs of diarrhea, PU, PD and dehydration [ 7 , 8 ]. PU and PD have been attributed to impaired adrenal steroid metabolism, altered portal vein osmoreceptor, loss of renal medullary concentration gradient, and encephalopathy [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-hemato-biochemical profile of dogs with liver cirrhosis

et al. 2015

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Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the relevant tools in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in dogs.Material and Methods:A total of 140 dogs presented at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, showing clinical signs of hepatic insufficiency were subjected to clinico-hemato biochemical, urological, ultrasonographic (USG), and USG guided fine-needle biopsy examinations by standard methods. On the basis of these results, 6 dogs out of 140 dogs were found to be suffering from liver cirrhosis. Six clinically healthy dogs constituted the control group.Results:The dogs suffering from liver cirrhosis manifested inappetence, halitosis, abdominal distension, weight loss, melena, icterus, anemia, and neutrophilic leukocytosis with the left shift. Levels of hemoglobin, lymphocytes, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and platelet count were significantly lower in liver cirrhosis group than control group while total leukocyte count, neutrophils, and MCH concentration were significantly higher. Glucose, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, and fibrinogen were significantly lower, and creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and APTT were significantly higher than the control values. Ultrasound revealed diffuse increase in echogenicity with rounded and irregular liver margins. Cytological examination of the ascitic fluid and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of liver was not fruitful in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.Conclusions:Liver cirrhosis causes clinical and hemo-biochemical alterations, which require special consideration when treating diseased animals. USG, diffuse increase in echogenicity of liver, rounding and irregularity of liver margins and microhepatica were the consistent findings. It is suggested that USG along with hemo-biochemical alterations may be used as a diagnostic tool for liver cirrhosis in dogs.

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