Hendra Virus Outbreak with Novel Clinical Features, Australia

Field, Hume; Schaaf, Kylie; Kung, Nina; Simon, Craig; Waltisbuhl, D.J.; Hobert, Heather; Moore, Frederick; Middleton, Deborah; Crook, Allison; Smith, Greg; Daniels, Peter; Glanville, R. J.; Lovell, David

doi:10.3201/eid1602.090780

Cited by 97 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This NSW case series supports previous findings that HeV illness is typically acute, leading to death within 48 h. 2,3 Indeed, 5 of the 11 horses were found dead, suggesting a rapid illness. In cases 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9, the duration of illness appeared very rapid, with the horses having been observed as well 12-18 h earlier.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Clinical review of Hendra virus infection in 11 horses in New South Wales, Australia

Ball¹,

Dewberry

Freeman

et al. 2014

Aust Veterinary J

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…[1][2][3] The NSW case series reported here, with the exception of the 2006 incident at Murwillumbah, occurred within a short period of time, in pastured horses and mainly involved a single affected horse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical review of Hendra virus infection in 11 horses in New South Wales, Australia

Ball¹,

Dewberry

Freeman

et al. 2014

Aust Veterinary J

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“…In some cases, including an outbreak involving several animals in one location, neurological signs predominate with clinical features comprising hypersensitivity, ataxia, disorientation, facial paralysis, head tilt, circling, head pressing and stranguria (Field et al 2010). Persistent infection of horses has not yet been confirmed: some convalescent animals have re-presented with neurological signs (myoclonic twitches) but did not undergo further laboratory assessment (Rogers et al 1996).…”

Section: Hendra Virus In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Henipaviruses in Their Natural Animal Hosts

Middleton

Weingartl

2012

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) form a separate genus Henipavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae, and are classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens due to their high case fatality rate following human infection and because of the lack of effective vaccines or therapy. Both viruses emerged from their natural reservoir during the last decade of the twentieth century, causing severe disease in humans, horses and swine, and infecting a number of other mammalian species. The current review summarizes our up to date understanding of pathology and pathogenesis in the natural reservoir species, the Pteropus bat, and in the equine and porcine spill over species.

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“…Combined with the non-specific nature of many other clinical signs, differential diagnosis – especially from more common disorders such as pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, and colic – was and remains challenging and complex. In contrast to a respiratory syndrome presentation, a multi-horse outbreak developed in an equine referral practice in 2008 where the predominant clinical signs were attributable to involvement of the central nervous system (22). These included ataxia, disorientation, hypersensitivity, head tilt, facial nerve paralysis, stranguria, head pressing, and circling.…”

Section: Hendra Virus Infection In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hendra Virus

Middleton

2014

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Synopsis Hendra virus infection of horses occurred sporadically between 1994 and 2010 as a result of spill-over from the viral reservoir in Australian mainland flying-foxes, and occasional onward transmission to people also followed from exposure to affected horses. For reasons that are not well understood an unprecedented number of outbreaks were recorded in 2011, including the first recorded field infection of a dog, leading to heightened community concern. Increasingly, pressure mounted to instigate measures for control of flying-fox numbers, and equine health care workers started to leave the industry on account of risk and liability concerns. Release of an inactivated subunit vaccine for horses against Hendra virus represents the first commercially available product that is focused on mitigating the impact of a Biosafety Level 4 pathogen. Through preventing the development of acute Hendra virus disease in horses, vaccine use is also expected to reduce the risk of transmission of infection to people. This approach to emerging infectious disease management focuses on the role of horses as the proximal cause of human Hendra virus disease, and may assist in redirecting community concerns away from the flying-fox reservoirs, keystone species for the ongoing health of Australia’s native forests.

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Hendra Virus Outbreak with Novel Clinical Features, Australia

Cited by 97 publications

References 7 publications

Clinical review of Hendra virus infection in 11 horses in New South Wales, Australia

Clinical review of Hendra virus infection in 11 horses in New South Wales, Australia

Henipaviruses in Their Natural Animal Hosts

Hendra Virus

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