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Copper compound-rich films and coatings are effective against widespread viruses and bacteria. Even though the killing mechanisms are still debated it is agreed that the metal ion, nanoparticle release, and surface effects are of paramount importance in the antiviral and antibacterial efficacy of the surfaces. In this work we have investigated the behaviour of the reactive magnetron sputtered nanocomposite diamond-like carbon thin films with copper nanoparticles (DLC:Cu). The films were etched employing oxygen plasma and/or exposed to ultra-pure water aiming to investigate the differences of the Cu release in the medium and changes in film morphology. Pristine films were more effective in the Cu release reaching up to 1.3 mg/L/cm2concentration. Plasma processing resulted in the oxidation of the films which released less Cu but after exposure to water, their average roughness increased more, up to 5.5 nm. Pristine and O2plasma processed DLC:Cu films were effective against both model coronavirus and herpesvirus after 1-hour contact time and reached virus reduction up to 2.23 and 1.63 log10, respectively. Pristine DLC:Cu films were more effective than plasma-processed ones against herpesvirus, while less expressed difference was found for coronavirus. A bactericidal study confirmed that pristine DLC:Cu films were effective against gram-negativeE. coliand gram-positiveE. faecalisbacteria. After 3 hours 100% antibacterial efficiency (ABE) was obtained forE. coliand 99.83% forE. faecalis. After 8 hours and longer exposures, 100% ABE was reached. The half-life inactivation of viruses was 8.10 – 11.08 minutes and forE. faecalis19.5 – 30.2 minutes.
Copper compound-rich films and coatings are effective against widespread viruses and bacteria. Even though the killing mechanisms are still debated it is agreed that the metal ion, nanoparticle release, and surface effects are of paramount importance in the antiviral and antibacterial efficacy of the surfaces. In this work we have investigated the behaviour of the reactive magnetron sputtered nanocomposite diamond-like carbon thin films with copper nanoparticles (DLC:Cu). The films were etched employing oxygen plasma and/or exposed to ultra-pure water aiming to investigate the differences of the Cu release in the medium and changes in film morphology. Pristine films were more effective in the Cu release reaching up to 1.3 mg/L/cm2concentration. Plasma processing resulted in the oxidation of the films which released less Cu but after exposure to water, their average roughness increased more, up to 5.5 nm. Pristine and O2plasma processed DLC:Cu films were effective against both model coronavirus and herpesvirus after 1-hour contact time and reached virus reduction up to 2.23 and 1.63 log10, respectively. Pristine DLC:Cu films were more effective than plasma-processed ones against herpesvirus, while less expressed difference was found for coronavirus. A bactericidal study confirmed that pristine DLC:Cu films were effective against gram-negativeE. coliand gram-positiveE. faecalisbacteria. After 3 hours 100% antibacterial efficiency (ABE) was obtained forE. coliand 99.83% forE. faecalis. After 8 hours and longer exposures, 100% ABE was reached. The half-life inactivation of viruses was 8.10 – 11.08 minutes and forE. faecalis19.5 – 30.2 minutes.
Traditional wound dressings have not been able to satisfy the needs of the regenerative medicine biomedical area. With the aim of improving tissue regeneration, nanofiber-based wound dressings fabricated by electrospinning (ES) processes have emerged as a powerful approach. Nowadays, nanofiber-based bioactive dressings are mainly developed with a combination of natural and synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CHI). Accordingly, herein, PCL/CHI nanofibers have been developed with varying PCL:CHI weight ratios (9:1, 8:2 and 7:3) or CHI viscosities (20, 100 and 600 mPa·s) using a novel alternating current ES (ACES) process. Such nanofibers were thoroughly characterized by determining physicochemical and nanomechanical properties, along with wettability, absorption capacity and hydrolytic plus enzymatic stability. Furthermore, PCL/CHI nanofiber biological safety was validated in terms of cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility (hemolysis < 2%), in addition to a notable antibacterial performance (bacterial reductions of 99.90% for S. aureus and 99.91% for P. aeruginosa). Lastly, the enhanced wound healing activity of PCL/CHI nanofibers was confirmed thanks to their ability to remarkably promote cell proliferation, which make them ideal candidates for long-term applications such as wound dressings.
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