Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE‐mediated immune responses: Where do we stand?

Erb, Klaus J.

doi:10.1002/eji.200737314

Cited by 68 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with the well-established association between helminth infections and increased IgE production (Gurish et al, 2004;Watanabe et al, 2005;Erb, 2007). As wheel running can have a substantial energy cost in mice and HR mice have higher daily energy expenditure than C mice (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immune response to aTrichinella spiralisinfection in house mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

Dlugosz

Schutz

Meek

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYFour lines of mice bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR lines) have high baseline circulating corticosterone levels and increased daily energy expenditure as compared with four non-selected control (C) lines. High corticosterone may suppress immune function and competing energy demands may limit ability to mount an immune response. We hypothesized that HR mice have a reduced immune response and therefore a decreased ability to fight an infection by Trichinella spiralis, an ecologically relevant nematode common in mammals. Infections have an acute, intestinal phase while the nematode is migrating, reproducing and traveling throughout the bloodstream, followed by a chronic phase with larvae encysted in muscles. Adult males (generation 55 of the selection experiment) were sham-infected or infected by oral gavage with ~300 J1 T. spiralis larvae. During the chronic phase of infection, mice were given wheel access for 6 days, followed by 2 days of maximum aerobic performance trials. Two weeks post-infection, infected HR had significantly lower circulating immunoglobulin E levels compared with infected C mice. However, we found no statistical difference between infected HR and C mice in numbers of encysted larvae within the diaphragm. As expected, both voluntary running and maximum aerobic performance were significantly higher in HR mice and lower in infected mice, with no line type-by-infection interactions. Results complement those of previous studies suggesting decreased locomotor abilities during the chronic phase of T. spiralis infection. However, despite reduced antibody production, breeding for high voluntary wheel exercise does not appear to have a substantial negative impact on general humoral function. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immune response to aTrichinella spiralisinfection in house mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

Dlugosz

Schutz

Meek

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Although we did not define the mechanism, our preliminary results suggest a role for schistosome TLR4 ligands (L. GanleyLeal, unpublished observations) (39). This potent immunosuppressive effect on B cells may elucidate why, for example, susceptible individuals develop IgE toward other pathogens but lack sufficient schistosome-specific IgE to develop resistance (40). CD23 + B cells were found to be more prominent during the development of immunity in the occupationally exposed car washers, suggesting an important role for CD23-bound IgE in generating the necessary threshold of IgE required for protection (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

CD23-Bound IgE Augments and Dominates Recall Responses through Human Naive B Cells

Griffith

Liang

Onguru

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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Human peripheral blood BCRμ+ B cells express high levels of CD23 and circulate preloaded with IgE. The Ag specificity of CD23-bound IgE presumably differs from the BCR and likely reflects the Ag-specific mix of free serum IgE. CD23-bound IgE is thought to enhance B cell Ag presentation to T cells raising the question of how a B cell might respond when presented with a broad mix of Ags and CD23-bound IgE specificities. We recently reported that an increase in CD23+ B cells is associated with the development of resistance to schistosomiasis, highlighting the potential importance of CD23-bound IgE in mediating immunity. We sought to determine the relationship between BCR and CD23-bound IgE-mediated B cell activation in the context of schistosomiasis. We found that crude schistosome Ags downregulate basal B cell activation levels in individuals hyperexposed to infectious worms. Schistosome-specific IgE from resistant, occupationally exposed Kenyans recovered responses of B cells to schistosome Ag. Furthermore, cross-linking of CD23 overrode intracellular signals mediated via the BCR, illustrating its critical and dominating role in B cell activation. These results suggest that CD23-bound IgE augments and dominates recall responses through naive B cells.

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“…This observation parallels the situation in mice, in which unresponsiveness was further demonstrated to be dependent upon IL-10 (157). In contrast, little evidence has been found to support the concept that helminth-induced IgE blocks allergic reactivity, in part because IgE receptor expression is highly upregulated during infection (79,200).…”

Section: The Hygiene Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation

2012

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SUMMARY Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower prevalences of allergies and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that parasites may protect against immunopathological syndromes. Most helminth diseases are spectral in nature, with a large proportion of relatively asymptomatic cases and a subset of patients who develop severe pathologies. The maintenance of the asymptomatic state is now recognized as reflecting an immunoregulatory environment, which may be promoted by parasites, and involves multiple levels of host regulatory cells and cytokines; a breakdown of this regulation is observed in pathological disease. Currently, there is much interest in whether helminth-associated immune regulation may ameliorate allergy and autoimmunity, with investigations in both laboratory models and human trials. Understanding and exploiting the interactions between these parasites and the host regulatory network are therefore likely to highlight new strategies to control both infectious and immunological diseases.

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Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE‐mediated immune responses: Where do we stand?

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

Immune response to aTrichinella spiralisinfection in house mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

Immune response to aTrichinella spiralisinfection in house mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

CD23-Bound IgE Augments and Dominates Recall Responses through Human Naive B Cells

Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation

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