Helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Okinawa Trough Back Arc Basin, southwest of Japan

Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro; Sano, Yuji; Wakita, Hiroshi; Gamo, Toshitaka; Tsutsumi, M.; Sakai, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(95)00051-m

Cited by 121 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Okinawa Trough is a backarc basin in the rifting to spreading stage characterized by the development of normal faulting of transitional crust (atypical crust with mantle-derived material) and frequent magma intrusions, which provides a favorable geological environment for the development of seafloor hydrothermal systems [8,41,42]. As of 2016, there were at least 15 deep-sea hydrothermal fields reported in the Okinawa Trough based on the InterRidge data base, including the Minami-Ensei (e.g., [10]), Iheya North [9,11,43], Jade [7,13], Hakurei [8], Hatoma [44][45][46], Yonaguni Knoll IV [12,14,47], and Tangyin hydrothermal fields [48,49]. The Iheya North knoll hydrothermal field (27 ∘ 47.2 N, 126 ∘ 53.9 E) is located at a water depth about 1,000 m along the eastern slope of a small knoll, part of the Iheya North knoll volcanic complex ( Figure 1; [8]).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Clam hydrothermal field (27 ∘ 33 N, 126 ∘ 58 E), located in a small depression on the northern slope along the eastern part of the Iheya Ridge in the middle Okinawa Trough (Figure 1; [8]), was discovered in a deep-tow survey by the R/V NATSUSHIMA in 1988 [7,51,52]. Clear hydrothermal fluid with a temperature of up to 220 ∘ C was found to be discharging from 1 to 2 m high hydrothermal mounds and fissures (e.g., [8,13]).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clear hydrothermal fluid with a temperature of up to 220 ∘ C was found to be discharging from 1 to 2 m high hydrothermal mounds and fissures (e.g., [8,13]). The hydrothermal fluids from the Clam hydrothermal field are characterized by anomalously high alkalinity (2.5-10.3 mmol l −1 ), NH 4 + (0.6-4.4 mmol kg −1 ), and CO 2 / 3 He ratios (e.g., [6,7,13,53]). Based on a temperature of 220 ∘ C, the end-member fluid is assumed to contain about 20 mmol kg −1 Mg 2+ and 10 mmol kg −1 SO 4 2− [6,53].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Okinawa Trough, the vent fluid chemistry of seafloor hydrothermal systems has been characterized by enrichment in CO 2 , CH 4 , NH 4 + , and K + compared with those in typical sediment-free midocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal fluids (e.g., [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]). The high K + content (6.9-79.2 mmol kg −1 ) in the estimated source fluid is typical for the Iheya North knoll hydrothermal field due to hydrothermal reaction with K-enriched felsic rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Compositional Variability of the Major Components of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Okinawa Trough

et al. 2018

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Studies of the major components of hydrothermal plumes in seafloor hydrothermal fields are critical for an improved understanding of biogeochemical cycles and the large-scale distribution of elements in the submarine environment. The composition of major components in hydrothermal plume water column samples from 25 stations has been investigated in the middle and southern Okinawa Trough. The physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal plume water in the Okinawa Trough have been affected by input of the Kuroshio current, and its influence on hydrothermal plume water from the southern Okinawa Trough to the middle Okinawa Trough is reduced. The anomalous layers of seawater in the hydrothermal plume water columns have higher K + , Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ , B 3+ , Ca 2+ /SO 4 2− , and Mn 2+ /Mg 2+ ratios and higher optical anomalies than other layers. The Mg 2+ , SO 4 2− , Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ , and SO 4 2− /Mn 2+ ratios of the anomalous layers are lower than other layers in the hydrothermal plume water columns and are consistent with concentrations in hydrothermal vent fluids in the Okinawa Trough. This suggests that the chemical variations of hydrothermal plumes in the Tangyin hydrothermal field, like other hydrothermal fields, result in the discharge of high K + , Ca 2+ , and B 3+ and low Mg 2+ and SO 4 2− fluid. Furthermore, element ratios (e.g., Sr 2+ /Ca 2+ , Ca 2+ /Cl − ) in hydrothermal plume water columns were found to be similar to those in average seawater, indicating that Sr 2+ /Ca 2+ and Ca 2+ /Cl − ratios of hydrothermal plumes might be useful proxies for chemical properties of seawater. The hydrothermal K + , Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ , and B 3+ flux to seawater in the Okinawa Trough is about 2.62-873, 1.04-326, 1.30-76.4, and 0.293-34.7 × 10 6 kg per year, respectively. The heat flux is about 0.159-1,973 × 10 5 W, which means that roughly 0.0006% of ocean heat is supplied by seafloor hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Compositional Variability of the Major Components of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Okinawa Trough

et al. 2018

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“…However, most of the microorganisms that are involved in the nitrogen cycle at vents are still largely unknown. High ammonium and nitrate concentration can be found in sediment-hosted hydrothermal fields, such as the Guaymas Basin and Okinawa Trough Backarc Basin, as well as the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (Ishibashi et al, 1995;Mehta et al, 2003). It has been demonstrated that ammonium is rapidly consumed by chemoautotrophs in the hydrothermal plume of vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (Lam et al, 2004).…”

Section: Nitrogen Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys with contrasting chemistries

Xie

Wang

Guo³

et al. 2010

The ISME Journal

157

131

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Deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys harbor a high diversity of largely unknown microorganisms. Although the phylogenetic diversity of these microorganisms has been described previously, the adaptation and metabolic potential of the microbial communities is only beginning to be revealed. A pyrosequencing approach was used to directly obtain sequences from a fosmid library constructed from a black smoker chimney 4143-1 in the Mothra hydrothermal vent field at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. A total of 308 034 reads with an average sequence length of 227 bp were generated. Comparative genomic analyses of metagenomes from a variety of environments by two-way clustering of samples and functional gene categories demonstrated that the 4143-1 metagenome clustered most closely with that from a carbonate chimney from Lost City. Both are highly enriched in genes for mismatch repair and homologous recombination, suggesting that the microbial communities have evolved extensive DNA repair systems to cope with the extreme conditions that have potential deleterious effects on the genomes. As previously reported for the Lost City microbiome, the metagenome of chimney 4143-1 exhibited a high proportion of transposases, implying that horizontal gene transfer may be a common occurrence in the deep-sea vent chimney biosphere. In addition, genes for chemotaxis and flagellar assembly were highly enriched in the chimney metagenomes, reflecting the adaptation of the organisms to the highly dynamic conditions present within the chimney walls. Reconstruction of the metabolic pathways revealed that the microbial community in the wall of chimney 4143-1 was mainly fueled by sulfur oxidation, putatively coupled to nitrate reduction to perform inorganic carbon fixation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. On the basis of the genomic organization of the key genes of the carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation pathways contained in the large genomic fragments, both obligate and facultative autotrophs appear to be present and contribute to biomass production.

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Hydrothermal Vents: Biodiversity in Deep‐Sea Hydrothermal Vents

Takai¹,

Fujiwara²

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Helium and carbon geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Okinawa Trough Back Arc Basin, southwest of Japan

Cited by 121 publications

References 30 publications

Understanding the Compositional Variability of the Major Components of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Okinawa Trough

Understanding the Compositional Variability of the Major Components of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Okinawa Trough

Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys with contrasting chemistries

Hydrothermal Vents: Biodiversity in Deep‐Sea Hydrothermal Vents

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