Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Immune Profile of Patients With Different Gastroduodenal Diseases

Abstract

Our study shows that the interaction between the type of infectious strain and the Th1 immune response can influence and perpetuate gastric inflammation, and thus contributes to the development of the different clinical manifestations of H. pylori infection.

Interleukins 4 and 13 and Their Receptors Are Differently Expressed in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers, Depending on the Anatomical Site and Disease Advancement, and Improve Colon Cancer Cell Viability and Motility

“…Nonetheless, it has been put forward that systemic elevation of Th2 cytokines, observed here particularly in gastric cancer, may indicate a generalized state of immunosuppression and still promote cancer growth and dissemination [ 36 ]. Different association patterns for local and systemic IL-4, concerning sex-dependence [ 15 , 37 ] and relation with the disease advancement [ 13 , 14 ], have been noted also by other authors. Regarding CRC, previous studies have shown circulating IL-4 to be too low to be quantified [ 38 ] or, in contrary, elevated [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] and suitable as a CRC biomarker.…”

“…Supporting notion on protective function, lower IL-4 immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in colorectal tumors from CRC patients with lymph node metastases [ 26 ] or gastric tumors from patients with stage III/IV cancers [ 15 ]. In addition, IL-4 immunoreactivity inversely correlated with the presence of gastric metaplasia or cancer and with degree of inflammation [ 14 ]. Corroborating the latter observation, the expression of IL4 transcripts in our clinical samples correlated negatively with inducible nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme involved in inflammatory response and oxidative stress.…”

“…Contradicting findings have been reported, especially concerning the interleukins’ status at local and systemic level and their association with the disease advancement [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Consequently, both tumor promoting [ 10 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and protective roles [ 14 , 15 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] have been advocated for IL-4 and IL-13. In the light of existing controversies, the aim of present study is a comprehensive comparative analysis of IL-4 and IL-13 expression at mRNA and protein level, local and systemic, in CRC as compared to esophageal and gastric cancers.…”

Increased Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Helicobacter pylori Infection Are Associated With the Grading of Chronic Gastritis

“…Moreover, a decrease in IL-10 expression in the gastric mucosa was observed by immunohistochemistry in H. pylori-infected patients with an increased density of H. pylori colonization and an increased degree of both neutrophil activity and chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Vinagre et al (36) detected low levels of IL-10 in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients with an increased degree of inflammation and increased neutrophil activity of the chronic gastritis. Could the decrease in IL-10 expression during H. pylori infection, as observed in this study, lead to an increase in bacterial colonization and the bacterial density would to increased glycated hemoglobin levels?…”

Helicobacter Pylori: Continuing Challenges

“…This edition contemplates two articles about different aspects on Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection: the daily medical practice challenges on its management and the search for comprehension of still obscure points among functional interaction of the infection and human immune system, on the development of gastroduodenal diseases (1,2) .…”