Heavy social media use and psychological distress among adolescents: the moderating role of sex, age, and parental support

Abstract

BackgroundDespite increasing evidence that social media use is associated with adolescents’ mental well-being, little is known about the role of various factors in modifying the effect of this association during adolescence. This study examined the association between social media use and psychological distress among adolescents and explored whether sex, age, and parental support moderate this association.MethodsData came from a representative sample of middle and high school students in Ontario, Canada. Cross-sectional analyses included 6,822 students derived from the 2019 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey.ResultsOur results showed that 48% of adolescents used social media for 3 h or more per day, and 43.7% had moderate to severe psychological distress, with a higher prevalence among females (54%) than males (31%). After adjustment for relevant covariates, heavy social media use (≥3 h/day) was associated with increased odds of severe psychological distress [odds ratio (OR): 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.59–2.55]. The association of social media use with psychological distress was modified by age (p < 0.05) but not sex or parental support. The association was stronger among younger adolescents.ConclusionHeavy social media use is associated with higher levels of psychological distress, with younger adolescents being the most vulnerable. Longitudinal studies are recommended for future research to examine in more depth the role of sex, age, and parental support in the association between social media use and psychological distress to better determine the strength and of the association.

Long-Term Impact of Digital Media on Brain Development in Children

“…Previous studies examining the association between social media use and functional or neural outcomes in both children and adolescents have often either combined all these digital tools under the umbrella term “social media use”, 4,28 or scrutinized them separately, distinguishing between social media platforms (e.g., Facebook) and social communication tools (e.g., text messaging) in their analyses. 29,30 Consistent with previous studies we first investigated the effect of social media usage on brain development by combining all these digital tools. We specifically included activities related to social media platforms and studied their singular long-term effect on cerebellum development.…”

From clicks to credits: examining the influence of online engagement and internet addiction on academic performance in Chinese universities

“…These downsides include increased stress and anxiety (Moge & Romano, 2020;Naslund et al, 2020;Primack et al, 2017). Prolonged exposure to specific online content may exacerbate mental health issues, and heavy social media use has been linked to psychological distress and reduced well-being (Mougharbel et al, 2023).…”