Heavy metals affect the coelomocyte-bacteria balance in earthworms: Environmental interactions between abiotic and biotic stressors

Olchawa, Ewa; Bzowska, Monika; Stürzenbaum, Stephen R.; Morgan, Andrew; Płytycz, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.09.023

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, Ni [36] pollution, that is, the level of riboflavin, was diminished in animals inhabiting heavy metal polluted areas and in those transferred from unpolluted to polluted soil samples. Riboflavin is considered as chemoattractant for immunocytes in earthworms [37] that putatively mobilizes the defense response during a disrupted balance of host and microbes/parasites induced by toxic factors [38]. The decrease of riboflavin was also recorded in the Allolobophora chlorotica species, whereas total riboflavin content increased in E. andrei and Dendrobaena veneta livestock worms exposed during 4 wk to soil samples from contaminated areas [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes

Homa

Rorat

Kruk

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Parameters such as total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers to assess the impact of metals on annelids. Defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species Eisenia andrei following in vivo exposure to 5 different metals (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium) at known concentrations. Coelomocyte numbers and riboflavin content were not affected by metallic exposure, but metal-specific gene expression variations were evidenced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes

Homa

Rorat

Kruk

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…KWADRANS et al 2008;DUTKIEWICZ et al 2009), however, metal bioavailability may still be affected by soil properties. Thus, for comparative studies of metal toxicity, exposure to filter papers soaked with metal ions (HOMA et al 2005(HOMA et al , 2010OLCHAWA et al 2006;PLYTYCZ et al 2011a) has been adapted from OECD (1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Nickel, Zinc, and Lead-Contaminated Soil on Burrowing Rate and Coelomocytes of the Earthworm, Allolobophora chlorotica

Podolak¹,

Piotrowska²,

Klimek³

et al. 2011

folia biol (krakow)

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Effects of nickel, zinc, and lead-contaminated soil on burrowing rate and coelomocytes of the earthworm, Allolobophora chlorotica. Folia biologica (Kraków) 59: 91-97.We have shown previously that stubby worms Allolobophora chlorotica are sensitive to environmental stress, including metal-polluted soil. In order to discern the mechanisms of this sensitivity, adult (clitellate) Al. chlorotica were exposed in the laboratory to soil samples soaked with water (control) or Ni (1 and 2 mg/kg), Zn (1.25 and 2.5 g/kg) or Pb (5 and 10 g/kg) chlorides. Worms avoided contact with metal contaminants by prolonging burrowing time in metal-soaked samples, especially in the case of lead. Higher concentrations of the investigated metals were lethal for worms. During a 3 week exposure to lower metal concentrations, nickel and lead readily accumulated in the bodies of worms while zinc was efficiently regulated. However, body weights and numbers of non-invasively retrieved free coelomocytes (consisting of amoebocytes and riboflavin-loaded eleocytes) were significantly lower only in zinc-exposed worms. We assume that zinc regulation in worm bodies is more energy-demanding than nickel or lead bioaccumulation, thus this might be responsible for inhibition of the body gain and diminution of immunocompetent cells in zinc-exposed earthworms. Alternatively, missing free coelomocytes may actually be involved in Zn trafficking and removal through nephridia and/or in the formation of multicellular brown bodies, since metal can unbalance host/bacteria relationships.

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“…In fact it depends on factors such as metal speciation and concentration (Heikens et al, 2001;Hobbelen et al, 2006;Spurgeon et al, 2006;Nahmani et al, 2007), soil type and characteristics (Hendrickx et al, 2004;Kizilkaya, 2005;Hobbelen et al, 2006;Spurgeon et al, 2006), temperature (Olchawa et al 2006), and exposure duration (Nahmani et al 2007). Bioaccumulation in earthworms can be expresses as Biota to-Soil Accumulation Factor (BSAF) (Cortet et al, 1999), calculated by the following formula: BSAF = metal content in earthworm/total metal content in soil.…”

Section: Earthworm As Bioindicator Organisms Of Soil Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthworm Biomarkers as Tools for Soil Pollution Assessment

Lionetto¹,

Calisi²,

Schettino³

2012

Soil Health and Land Use Management

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Heavy metals affect the coelomocyte-bacteria balance in earthworms: Environmental interactions between abiotic and biotic stressors

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes

Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes

Effects of Nickel, Zinc, and Lead-Contaminated Soil on Burrowing Rate and Coelomocytes of the Earthworm, Allolobophora chlorotica

Earthworm Biomarkers as Tools for Soil Pollution Assessment

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