Heat Treatments of Ti6Al4V Alloys for Industrial Applications: An Overview

Omoniyi, Peter; Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo; Mahamood, Rasheedat M.

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012094

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The increase in hardness after annealing was already observed in a previous study [27] with a simultaneous reduction in residual tensile stresses. Similar results have been previously reported; the higher the annealing temperature, the greater the hardness, the effect disappearing only for annealing over 1000 • C, and the effect was attributed to the formation of martensite during cooling following annealing [38]. Moreover, it might also be the effect of the rearrangement of the dislocated structure within a thin subsurface layer, mainly its movement towards the surface, stopping and interacting, resulting in the appearance of surface cracks.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…We believe that the high values of our results, close to those already obtained [27], are specific to the test technique. In [38], residual stresses were shown to be substantially related, among the others, to the dimensions of macroscopic and microscopic stresses, intergranular interactions caused by neighboring grain morphologies and orientations, the presence of different phases or precipitates, variations within individual grains, and can be attributed to, e.g., dislocations and twinning. Moreover, it is also significantly influenced by the depth at which the stresses are measured.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Laser Treatment on Intrinsic Mechanical Stresses in Titanium and Some of Its Alloys

et al. 2023

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Laser surface treatment conducted at different power levels is an option to modify titanium bone implants to produce nano- and microtopography. However, such processing can lead to excess mechanical stress within the surface layer. This research aims to calculate the level of such residual stresses after the surface processing of Ti grade IV, Ti15Mo, and Ti6Al7Nb alloys with an Nd:YAG laser. Light and scanning electron microscopies (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), optical profilography, and nano-indentation tests were applied to characterize the surface zone. The laser processing resulted in a distinct surface pattern and the formation of remelted zones 66–126 µm thick, with roughness values ranging between 0.22 and 1.68 µm. The mechanical properties were weakly dependent on the material composition. The residual stresses caused by the laser treatment were moderate, always tensile, increasing with loading, and was the highest for the Ti15Mo alloy.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laser Treatment on Intrinsic Mechanical Stresses in Titanium and Some of Its Alloys

et al. 2023

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“…Numerous studies have applied one stage and two-stage heat treatment cycles at different temperatures on the as-built parts with the aim of optimising the mechanical properties of AM alloys to satisfy industrial requirements [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Different heat treatment cycles yield different mechanical properties of strength, ductility, and toughness, based on the resulting microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of VUMAT and VUHARD Subroutines for Simulating the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Parts

2022

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Numerical modelling and simulation can be useful tools in qualification of additive manufactured parts for use in demanding structural applications. The use of these tools in predicting the mechanical properties and field performance of additive manufactured parts can be of great advantage. Modelling and simulation of non-linear material behaviour requires development and implementation of constitutive models in finite element analysis software. This paper documents the implementation and verification process of a microstructure-variable based model for DMLS Ti6Al4V (ELI) in two separate ABAQUS/Explicit subroutines, VUMAT and VUHARD, available for defining the yield surface and plastic deformation of materials. The verification process of the implemented subroutines was conducted for single and multiple element tests with varying prescribed loading conditions. The simulation results obtained were then compared with the analytical solutions at the same conditions of strain rates and temperatures. This comparison showed that both developed subroutines were accurate in predicting the flow stress of various forms of DMLS Ti6Al4V (ELI) under different conditions of strain rates and temperatures.

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“…Magnesium alloys have special interest in the aerospace industry due to their high strengthto-weight ratio, but they also present poor corrosion resistance which is a clear limitation for their in-service performance, as stated by Mordike et al [5]. Titanium alloys are also widely used in aerospace applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, great toughness, fatigue resistance at high temperatures, and good resistance to corrosive environments; however, due to the high flow stress at elevated temperatures, these alloys are difficult to fabricate [6,7]. A common process typically used to obtain multi-material billets composed of a sleeve and a cylindrical core is coextrusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Die Material and Its Impact on the Multi-Material Extrusion of Bimetallic AZ31B–Ti6Al4V Components for Aeronautical Applications

2021

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This paper investigates the effect that the selection of the die material generates on the extrusion process of bimetallic cylindrical billets combining a magnesium alloy core (AZ31B) and a titanium alloy sleeve (Ti6Al4V) of interest in aeronautical applications. A robust finite element model is developed to analyze the variation in the extrusion force, damage distribution, and wear using different die materials. The results show that die material is a key factor to be taken into account in multi-material extrusion processes. The die material selection can cause variations in the extrusion force from 8% up to 15%, changing the effect of the extrusion parameters, for example, optimum die semi-angle. Damage distribution in the extrudate is also affected by die material, mainly in the core. Lastly, die wear is the most affected parameter due to the different hardness of the materials, as well as due to the variations in the normal pressure and sliding velocity, finding critical values in the friction coefficient for which the die cannot be used for more than one forming stage because of the heavy wear suffered. These results can potentially be used to improve the efficiency of this kind of extrusion process and the quality of the extruded part that, along with the use of lightweight materials, can contribute to sustainable production approaches.

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Heat Treatments of Ti6Al4V Alloys for Industrial Applications: An Overview

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Laser Treatment on Intrinsic Mechanical Stresses in Titanium and Some of Its Alloys

Effect of Laser Treatment on Intrinsic Mechanical Stresses in Titanium and Some of Its Alloys

Development of VUMAT and VUHARD Subroutines for Simulating the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Parts

Selection of Die Material and Its Impact on the Multi-Material Extrusion of Bimetallic AZ31B–Ti6Al4V Components for Aeronautical Applications

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