“…(2-14), the temperature deference of this study is defined by the values on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, which corresponds to the definition of the experimental study (Tachibana et al, 1960). Substituting Eq.…”
Section: Equation For Estimating the Contribution Terms To The Nusselmentioning
“…(2-14), the temperature deference of this study is defined by the values on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, which corresponds to the definition of the experimental study (Tachibana et al, 1960). Substituting Eq.…”
Section: Equation For Estimating the Contribution Terms To The Nusselmentioning
“…Below the critical Taylor number, most of the authors have concurrently found a constant value equal to 1; this is particularly the case for Tachibana et al [35]. The value may vary in accordance with Nusselt; for instance, Becker and Kaye [11] found a value of 2 by using the definition of a Nusselt number: Nu ¼ hD h /l (Nu ¼ h2e/ l) as regards a smooth cylindrical gap.…”
“…Therefore, the heat loss from the bare kiln, Q loss , may be calculated by use of the same equations (Eqs. [10][11][12][13], and we just need to replace the area of the outside sink with that of the outer surface of the bare kiln and the temperature of the thermoelectric module at its cold side.…”
Section: Electrical and Thermal Contact Resistance Is Negligiblementioning
Portland cement is produced by one of the most energy-intensive industrial processes. Energy consumption in the manufacture of Portland cement is approximately 110-120 kWh ton À1 . The cement rotary kiln is the crucial equipment used for cement production. Approximately 10-15% of the energy consumed in production of the cement clinker is directly dissipated into the atmosphere through the external surface of the rotary kiln. Innovative technology for energy conservation is urgently needed by the cement industry. In this paper we propose a novel thermoelectric waste-heat-recovery system to reduce heat losses from cement rotary kilns. This system is configured as an array of thermoelectric generation units arranged longitudinally on a secondary shell coaxial with the rotary kiln. A mathematical model was developed for estimation of the performance of waste heat recovery. Discussions mainly focus on electricity generation and energy saving, taking a U4.8 9 72 m cement rotary kiln as an example. Results show that the Bi 2 Te 3 -PbTe hybrid thermoelectric waste-heat-recovery system can generate approximately 211 kW electrical power while saving 3283 kW energy. Compared with the kiln without the thermoelectric recovery system, the kiln with the system can recover more than 32.85% of the energy that used to be lost as waste heat through the kiln surface.
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