Heart rate and plasma lactate responses to training in andalusian horses

Agüera, Estrella I.; Rubio, Dolores Mesa; Vivo, R.; Santisteban, R.; Agüera, Sergio Obeso; Muñoz, A.; Castejón, Francisco

doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(07)80423-0

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As far as creatinine is concerned, its plasma levels have been determined in sedentary and athletic horses (Piccione et al 2009) and in response to physical exercise (Lucke and Hall 1980;Valberg et al 1989;Agüera et al 1995;Schuback et al 2000;Graham-Thiers et al 2003;Piccione et al 2010). In comparison with the values recorded in the present study, higher levels of creatinine were previously reported, probably because of differences in the analytical methods used for its determination.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Modulation of circulating purines and pyrimidines by physical exercise in the horse

et al. 2010

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This study was designed to examine the influence of sub-maximal exercise on purine and pyrimidine catabolism in horses. Ten horses were initially trained for 12 weeks at the end of which they underwent a standardized exercise test (SET); venous blood samples were taken at rest, 5 and 30 min after the SET. Six untrained healthy horses, from which a blood withdrawal was taken at rest, were used as the control group. Samples were analyzed by HPLC for the simultaneous determination of uric acid, uridine, β-pseudouridine and creatinine in plasma. Glucose and lactate were measured in blood. Trained horses had basal uridine levels significantly lower than sedentary horses. The SET caused significant increase in plasma uric acid, uridine, β-pseudouridine and creatinine. Following the SET, a significant negative correlation was found between plasma uridine and glucose, whilst a significant positive correlation was observed between plasma uric acid and creatinine. These results indicate that increase in energy demand during exercise in the horse causes not only the degradation of purine but also of pyrimidine compounds, the latter possibly exerting a control on glucose uptake as also demonstrated in human beings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Modulation of circulating purines and pyrimidines by physical exercise in the horse

et al. 2010

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“…The reason for the delay in these adaptations is unknown, and could have been linked to individual characteristics. However, previous reports have shown that heart rate and lactate responses to exercise after very similar training programmes are reduced after only 2 months of training (Agüera et al 1995;Muñoz et al 1998).…”

Section: Experiments Bmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of training duration and exercise on blood‐borne substrates, plasma lactate and enzyme concentrations in Andalusian, Anglo‐Arabian and Arabian breeds

Muñoz

Riber²,

Santisteban

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Metabolic responses to exercise differ between Andalusian horses and other breeds, although changes in plasma muscle enzymes have not been reported and most useful information is obtained from animals subjected to different training programmes. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe the changes in plasma enzymes during exercise in different horse breeds in relation to other biochemical parameters (Experiment A) and 2) assess the effect of training duration on these measures (Experiment B). Twenty stallions, 9 Andalusian (AN), 7 Arabian (A) and 4 Anglo-Arabian (AA), age 5-10 years, were studied. They performed 3 exercise tests (ET), consisting of a warm-up of 800 m at 0.7 km/h and 4 workloads at 15, 20, 25 and 30 km/h, at respective distances of 1250, 1670, 2080 and 2500 m, with 5 min active recovery between each workload (Experiment A). Three ETs were performed at the beginning and after 2 and 6 months of training (Experiment B). Venous blood samples were collected during the ETs and plasma glucose (GLU), free fatty acids (FFA), lactate (LA), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBHD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Na+, K+ and Cl- were measured. AN horses responded to exercise with greater increases in GLU, HBHD, LDH, CK and AST compared to the other breeds. An unexpected result in Experiment A was the lack of interbreed differences in plasma peak LA concentrations, since it is commonly accepted that AA and A horses have greater athletic potential. Although the glycolytic response to exercise was reduced after 2 months of training in the AA and A horses, and after 6 months of training in the AN horses, at the end of Experiment B, AN horses produced more lactate than the other 2 breeds. Most of the adaptations linked to training were found in the AN breed. The more striking changes in plasma enzyme activities corresponded to CK in AN horses after 2 months of training. The attenuation of CK response to exercise was related to lower extrafibrilar GLU utilisation with LA formation and greater fat metabolism. The results show that plasma muscle enzyme concentrations for the diagnosis of equine myopathies must be interpreted in relation to breed and training.

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“…The procedure used to standardise the velocity has been given elsewhere (Agüera et al 1995;Mu ñ oz et al 1997b). An ANOVA showed the lack of significant differences between theoretical or calculated velocities and real or chronometered velocities (p < 0.01) in both tests.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

Muñoz¹,

Santisteban²,

Rubio³

et al. 1999

Acta Vet. Brno

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The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between the slope of the plasma lactate accumulation in response to exercise and working capacity in two groups of Andalusian horses of different age.The horses were subjected to increasing intensity tests, comprising both submaximal and maximal velocities. Heart rate was monitored throughout the exercise and jugular venous blood samples were withdrawn at rest, after each workload and during the first 30 min. of recuperation. Working capacity was assessed by means of these functional indices: HRmax (maximum mean heart rate during exercise), Vmax (maximum velocity), STEPmax (maximum number of workload completed), VLA2 (aerobic threshold), VLA4 (anaerobic threshold), PLA (lactate peak), pHmin (minimum pH) and PCVmax (maximum packed cell volume).HRmax, pHmin, VLA2, VLA4, STEPmax and Vmax were positively correlated with working capacity, whereas PLA and PCVmax were negatively correlated with working capacity. The slope of the plasma lactate accumulation curve were inversely related to VLA2, VLA4, Vmax, STEPmax and pHmin and positively related to HRmax and PCVmax. Besides, the plasma lactate slope was higher in the youngest Andalusian horses.These results indicated that the slope of the plasma lactate concentrations after several exercise intensities might be considered as a marker of aerobic potential, providing useful information about fitness and training degrees in the Andalusian horse. Exercise, fitness, heart rate, packed cell volumePhysical exercise requires a balance between production and consumption of energy within working muscles. It has been postulated that there is a critical intensity or threshold above which the cardiovascular, respiratory and/or muscular responses are of insufficient magnitude to supply energy through aerobic pathways. As a consequence, anaerobic pathways become predominant, and large amounts of lactate (LA) are produced. LA is considered to be a small and easily diffusable anion, and it may be translocated rapidly between the water compartments of the body. Muscle LA produced during exercise can be utilised by the active muscles, exported via the blood to other organs, principally liver and heart, or taken up by other muscles with adequate oxygen supply and utilised as a source of fuel (Brooks 1986;Marlin et al. 1987).Three different models of plasma LA accumulation have been proposed. The single breakaway point is the classical model of aerobic-anaerobic transition. M a r g a r i a et al. (1933) established that lactic acid was formed and plasma LA accumulated during times of local muscle hypoxia, such as the onset of exercise and during times of oxygen deficit.

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Heart rate and plasma lactate responses to training in andalusian horses

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Modulation of circulating purines and pyrimidines by physical exercise in the horse

Modulation of circulating purines and pyrimidines by physical exercise in the horse

Effect of training duration and exercise on blood‐borne substrates, plasma lactate and enzyme concentrations in Andalusian, Anglo‐Arabian and Arabian breeds

Relationship between Slope of the Plasma Lactate Accumulation Curve and Working Capacity in Andalusian Horses

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