2013
DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130060
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Abstract: Heart failure patients often develop cachexia, which is an independent factor for survival reduction. Cachexia can be diagnosed when there is loss of more than 6% of the body weight, in the absence of other diseases. Even though its pathophysiology has not yet been completely clarified, various factors seem to be involved, such as reduction in food consumption, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, immunologic and neuro-hormonal activation and changes in the relationship between anabolic and catabolic processe… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…In these patients, an intake of 1.0-1.2 g per kg of body weight might be justified 135 . Similarly, a calorie intake of up to 35 kcal per kg of body weight per day has been shown to be safe, but other sources recommend a maximum of 28 kcal per kg per day 146 . However, patients with cardiac cachexia might have even higher protein requirements 146 .…”
Section: Nutritionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In these patients, an intake of 1.0-1.2 g per kg of body weight might be justified 135 . Similarly, a calorie intake of up to 35 kcal per kg of body weight per day has been shown to be safe, but other sources recommend a maximum of 28 kcal per kg per day 146 . However, patients with cardiac cachexia might have even higher protein requirements 146 .…”
Section: Nutritionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, a calorie intake of up to 35 kcal per kg of body weight per day has been shown to be safe, but other sources recommend a maximum of 28 kcal per kg per day 146 . However, patients with cardiac cachexia might have even higher protein requirements 146 . A small, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on a high-calorific (600 kcal), protein-rich (20 g daily), nutritional supplement taken in addition to usual food intake in patients with manifest cardiac cachexia showed that increases in body weight and quality of life are possible in these patients, as well as decreases in the plasma levels of TNF within 6 weeks of treatment 147 .…”
Section: Nutritionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The loss of cardiac mass in chronic diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and obstructive pulmonary disease has been extensively reported [29][30][31][32][33][34], but the mechanisms responsible for this process are only partially elucidated [35]. In rats implanted with Walker-256 tumours -a carcinosarcoma of the mammary glands of pregnant rats [36] -tumour growth occurred quickly, causing progressive weight loss and leading to cachexia syndrome within only5 days.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main proteolytic pathways can be found in skeletal muscle: lysosomal, Ca 2+ dependent, caspase dependent, and ubiquitin-proteasome dependent pathways [52]. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is one of the most important pathways responsible for intracellular degradation of striated muscle proteins [5355]. However, its role remains controversial during aging; recent data suggests that protein degradation is more likely mediated by the Ca 2+ dependent calpain and autophagy pathways than the ubiquitin-proteasome system [50, 56].…”
Section: Etiology and Intracellular Pathways Involved In Aging-associmentioning
confidence: 99%