Healthy passive cigarette smokers have increased pulmonary alveolar permeability

Beadsmoore, Clare; Cheow, Heok; Szczepura, Katy; Ruparelia, Prina; Peters, A. M.

doi:10.1097/mnm.0b013e328013eb1e

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The subjects in the present study were nonsmokers and had a normal BGB permeability in line with other published reference values (Nilsson et al, 1997). In this respect it should be emphasized that the reported effect of daily inhalation of cigarette smoke or environmental tobacco smoke (Beadsmoore et al, 2007;Mason et al, 1983;Jones et al, 1980) is a result of rather intense continuous exposures as compared to the relatively short term exposure to the levels of PM in ambient air in Copenhagen. Indeed, 2 h of ozone exposure at 400 ppb was sufficient to produce significant decrements in pulmonary function and also caused increased BGB permeability measured by 99m Tc-DTPA clearance (Kehrl et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In keeping with tobacco-induced lung injury, it has been shown that smokers have increased BGB permeability (Nolop et al, 1987;Mason et al, 1983;Minty et al, 1981;Jones et al, 1980). A dose-dependent effect can also be inferred from observations that the BGB permeability is higher among smokers than nonsmokers, and passive smokers have BGB permeability in between these extremes (Beadsmoore et al, 2007). Cigarette smoke possibly elicits direct toxicity in alveoli cells with measurable alterations of lung function such as FEV 1 .…”

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confidence: 95%

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Effects of Ambient Air Particulate Exposure on Blood–Gas Barrier Permeability and Lung Function

Bräuner

Mortensen

Möller

et al. 2009

Inhalation Toxicology

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Particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of pulmonary diseases and detrimental outcomes related to the cardiovascular system, including altered vessel functions. This study's objective was too evaluate the effects of ambient particle exposure on the blood-gas permeability, lung function and Clara cell 16 (CC16) protein release in healthy young subjects. Twenty-nine nonsmokers participated in a randomized, two-factor crossover study with or without biking exercise for 180 min and with 24-h exposure to particle-rich (6169-15,362 particles/cm 3 ; 7.0-11.6 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 ; 7.5-15.8 µg/m 3 PM 10−2.5 ) or filtered (91-542 particles/cm 3 ) air collected above a busy street. The clearance rate of aerosolized 99m Tc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ( 99m Tc-DTPA) was measured as an index for the alveolar epithelial membrane integrity and permeability of the lung blood-gas barrier after rush-hour exposure. Lung function was assessed using body plethysmography, flowvolume curves, and measurements of the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide. CC16 was measured in plasma and urine as another marker of alveolar integrity. Particulate matter exposure had no significant effect on the epithelial membrane integrity using the methods available in this study. Exercise increased the clearance rate of 99m Tc-DTPA indicated by a 6.8% (95% CI: 0.4-12.8%) shorter half-life and this was more pronounced in men than women. Neither particulate matter exposure nor exercise had an effect on the concentration of CC16 in plasma and urine or on the static and dynamic volumes or ventilation distribution of the lungs. The study thus demonstrates increased permeability of the alveolar blood-gas barrier following moderate exercise, whereas exposure to ambient levels of urban air particles has no detectable effects on the alveolar blood-gas barrier or lung function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Ambient Air Particulate Exposure on Blood–Gas Barrier Permeability and Lung Function

Bräuner

Mortensen

Möller

et al. 2009

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…[23][24][25][26] Public health interventions aimed to limit ETS exposure among adolescents should consider both the home and the out of home environment. Knowledge about who the smoker is, the relationship with the adolescents, where and when smoking occurs, are likely to facilitate planning and delivery of effective ETS prevention programs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among adolescents in Mangolia

et al. 2007

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“…The biological half-life of 99m Tc DTPA is 80 ± 20 min in healthy nonsmokers [10], whereas the biological half-life of 99m TcTechnegas is 135 h [11].…”

Section: Non-diagnosticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of SPECT imaging in pulmonary embolism

Stein

Sostman

Matta

2014

Clin Transl Imaging

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Outcome studies have shown that pulmonary embolism can be safely excluded in patients with negative ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The effective radiation dose of V/Q SPECT is much less than with computed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography, which would make it preferable to CT angiography in many young female patients. The accuracy of V/Q SPECT, however, is difficult to assess, because most published investigations are limited by incorporation bias or partial verification bias, as well as other limitations in study design and reporting. Consequently, the accuracy of V/Q SPECT relative to planar V/Q scintigraphy or CT angiography has not been definitively determined. There is need for a prospective investigation of the accuracy of V/Q SPECT with consecutive patients, blinded interpretations, and an independent reference standard, or independent composite reference standard.Keywords Pulmonary embolism Á Venous thromboembolism Á Single-photon emission computed tomography Since the publication of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED) in 1990 [1], there has been a decline in the use of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) planar scintigraphy [2] and widespread adoption of computed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) [2]. The development of tomographic radionuclide imaging presents diagnostic possibilities that were not available at the time of publication of the PIOPED. In 2009, together with colleagues, we reviewed the use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in acute PE [3]. Numerous observations with SPECT in the 5 years since then prompted us to conduct the present review of its potential role in evaluating patients with PE. One aim of this review is to present data that will allow physicians to make informed choices regarding the use of SPECT in patients with suspected PE.We searched PubMed using the following search terms: SPECT PE matched with accuracy (20 results), sensitivity (34 results), specificity (39 results); SPECT pulmonary embolism matched with accuracy (35 results), sensitivity (78 results), specificity (80 results); single-photon emission computed tomography pulmonary embolism matched with accuracy (30 results), sensitivity (71 results), specificity (72 results); single-photon emission computed tomography pulmonary embolism (174 results); SPECT pulmonary embolism (197 results). We also checked the references of relevant studies to identify additional investigations. The inclusion criteria were: studies in all languages related to the accuracy of SPECT that included [10 patients suspected of having acute PE and showed or allowed the reader to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and results of clinical follow-up. We identified 21 such articles and 2 preliminary articles with fewer patients that were of interest. Some addressed more than one topic.

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Healthy passive cigarette smokers have increased pulmonary alveolar permeability

Abstract: Passive smoking has a functional impact on the lung blood/gas barrier.

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Ambient Air Particulate Exposure on Blood–Gas Barrier Permeability and Lung Function

Effects of Ambient Air Particulate Exposure on Blood–Gas Barrier Permeability and Lung Function

Prevalence and correlates of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among adolescents in Mangolia

Critical review of SPECT imaging in pulmonary embolism

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