Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Bacterial Aetiology, Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment Outcomes: A Study From North India

Kumar, Sandeep; Jan, Rafi Ahmed; Fomda, Bashir Ahmad; Rasool, Roohi; Koul, Parvaiz A; Shah, Sonaullah; Khan, Umar Hafiz; Qadri, S. M. Hussain; Masoodi, Shariq Rashid; Mantoo, Suhail; Muzamil, Mudasir

doi:10.1007/s00408-018-0117-7

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We found that patients’ background characteristics such as age; male sex; being underweight; residence in a nursing home or extended care facility; being bedridden; prior admission; immunosuppression; and comorbidities of heart failure, liver failure, and COPD, as well as severity of conditions at admission, including dehydration, respiratory failure, conscious disturbance, and hypotension were significantly associated with 30-day hospital mortality. These factors have been consistently reported in older studies in the late 1990s and in more recent studies [ [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Bedsores were further identified as an independent risk factor for mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Predictors of hospital mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized pneumonia patients residing in the community

Ukai,

Maruyama,

Tomioka

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Predictors of hospital mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized pneumonia patients residing in the community

Ukai,

Maruyama,

Tomioka

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…Despite improvements in prevention, antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care [30], HAP remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. HAP has been associated with significant mortality [31,32]. In our study, IHM was similar in COPD patients and in non-COPD patients, with no significant change overtime.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Assessing the Impact of Gender and COPD on the Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Spanish National Discharge Database (2016–2019)

de-Miguel-Díez

Jiménez‐García

Hernández‐Barrera

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: We aim to analyze incidence and outcomes of patients hospitalized with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) according to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) status and sex in Spain (2016–2019). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using national hospital discharge data of patients ≥40 years with a primary diagnosis of HAP, using the specific diagnostics of non-ventilator (NV)-HAP and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Results: We identified 37,029 patients with HAP ((NV)-HAP 87.28%, VAP 12.72%), 13.40% with COPD. HAP incidence increased over time, but only in subjects without COPD (p < 0.001). In women, incidence of HAP and (NV)-HAP was similar regardless of COPD status, but VAP incidence was lower in COPD women (p = 0.007). In men, the incidence of (NV)-HAP was significantly higher in those with COPD, while VAP incidence was lower in COPD men (p < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality (IHM) was similar in men and women with and without COPD. The risk of dying in hospital increased with age, congestive heart failure, cancer, and dialysis among men and women with COPD. Men that underwent surgery had a lower risk of IHM. VAP increased 2.58-times the probability of dying in men and women. Finally, sex was not associated with IHM among COPD patients. Conclusions: Incidence of HAP was significantly higher in COPD patients than in those without COPD, at the expense of (NV)-HAP but not of VAP. When stratifying by sex, we found that the difference was caused by men. IHM was similar in COPD and non-COPD patients, with no significant change overtime. In addition, sex was not associated with IHM.

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“…HAP can have negative consequences for patients, including prolonged hospital stay, decreased quality of life and high mortality [6,7]. Despite improvements in prevention, antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care [1], HAP remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality [8]. The mortality rate for HAP ranges from 38% to more than 70% [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for 3-month mortality in bedridden patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: A multicentre prospective study

Jiao

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Mortality among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is quite high; however, information on risk factors for short-term mortality in this population remains limited. The aim of the current study was to identify the risk factors for mortality in bedridden patients with HAP during a 3-month observation period. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted. In total, 1141 HAP cases from 25 hospitals were included in the analysis. Univariate and multilevel regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for mortality. Results During the 3-month observation period, there were 189 deaths among bedridden patients with HAP. The mortality rate in this study was 16.56%. Multilevel regression analysis showed that ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR = 2.034, 95%CI: 1.256, 3.296, p = 0.004), pressure injuries (OR = 2.202, 95%CI: 1.258, 3.852, p = 0.006), number of comorbidities (OR = 1.076, 95%CI: 1.016,1.140, p = 0.013) and adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score (OR = 1.210, 95%CI: 1.090, 1.343, p<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of mortality, while undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia (OR = 0.582, 95%CI: 0.368, 0.920, p = 0.021) was associated with a decreased risk of mortality. Conclusions The identification of risk factors associated with mortality is an important step towards individualizing care plans. Our findings may help healthcare workers select high-risk patients for specific interventions. Further study is needed to explore whether appropriate interventions against modifiable risk factors, such as reduced immobility complications or ventilator-associated pneumonia, could improve the prognoses.

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Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Bacterial Aetiology, Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment Outcomes: A Study From North India

Abstract: The patient characteristics in HCAP, treatment outcomes, bacterial aetiology, and a higher incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, suggest that HCAP although not as severe as HAP, can be grouped as a separate third entity.

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Predictors of hospital mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized pneumonia patients residing in the community

Predictors of hospital mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized pneumonia patients residing in the community

Assessing the Impact of Gender and COPD on the Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Spanish National Discharge Database (2016–2019)

Risk factors for 3-month mortality in bedridden patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: A multicentre prospective study

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