Health risks to air travelers

Sohail, M. Rizwan; Fischer, Philip R.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.10.001

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Air travel presents a special case of immobility and the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis has been well documented in this setting and the efficacy of interventions investigated (Clarke et al, 2016). (Sohail and Fischer, 2005) reiterate the finding of deep vein thrombosis in their review of air travel and health-related conditions but also cite cases of arterial thrombi although less frequent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising COVID-19 as a Viral Clotting Fever: A Mixed Methods Scoping Review

Marley

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 1 million lives globally and results from the SARS-COV2 virus. COVID-19 is associated with a coagulopathy. In this mixed-methods PRISMA-compliant scoping review, we set out to determine if ARDS, sepsis and DIC could account for the coagulopathy and if there were any other features of the coagulopathy we could determine so as to inform future research. Methods: We used a search strategy to identify papers with clinically relevant thromboembolic events in COVID-19. We then developed a technique referred to as an Abridged Thematic Analysis (ATA) to quickly identify themes in the papers so as to increase the yield of clinically relevant information. We further developed Validated Abridged Thematic Analysis (VATA) to validate the resulting taxonomy of themes. Finally we developed a number of methods that can be used by other researchers to take forwards this work. Results: We identified 56 studies with 10,523 patients, 456 patients with COVID-19 and thromboembolic events (TBE’s) and 586 thrombembolic events. There were an average of 1.3 TBE’s per patient. There were five main arterial territories with corresponding clinical sequelae: Acute limb ischaemia, myocardial infarcts, strokes, mesenteric ischaemia and pulmonary embolism. We also identified DVT’s. There were two further groups: medical-device-related coagulopathy and dermal lesions. In a subgroup of 119 patients we found mortality ranged from 26% in DVT to 79% in acute limb ischaemia although there was evidence of selection bias in the latter group. All patients were hospitalised and the average age of survivors was 63 versus 73 for those who died. 91/150 patients with TE’s had fever. From the ATA, we identified 16 characteristics of the clotting pathology in COVID-19. From the VATA, we identified 34 mechanisms leading to coagulopathy and grouped them according to Virchow’s triad of vascular damage, stasis and hypercoagulability. Coagulopathy occurred with and without each of ARDS, Sepsis and DIC. We conclude that COVID-19 leads to the syndrome of a viral clotting fever in a subgroup of patients and that the presentation of coagulopathy and fever should raise the possibility of COVID-19 as a differential. We make recommendations for future research studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising COVID-19 as a Viral Clotting Fever: A Mixed Methods Scoping Review

Marley

2020

Preprint

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“…Secondary to exposure time, recirculated air and limited ventilation in a confined area, airline passengers and crew are potentially at higher risk of infectious diseases (4). These factors, along with proximity to an index case, have been implicated for aircraft transmission of tuberculosis (all exposed patients were asymptomatic, but a few had a positive converted tuberculin skin test) (5,6), influenza (no cases, however, since 1999), severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (7) and measles (8); the latter could become more important with increasing international air travel combined with incomplete immunizations. Although several people with symptomatic meningococcal disease have flown on commercial airlines, there have been no reports of transmission of disease to date.…”

Section: Transmission Of Infectious Diseases Airborne Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well, airflow occurs from top to bottom with little front to back flow, further minimizing infection risk (4,8). Handwashing remains the best form of protection and, at present, the routine use of face masks on airlines is not recommended (7,8).…”

Section: Transmission Of Infectious Diseases Airborne Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, medical situations often arise on aircraft, prompting an announcement for medical assistance from a trained health care provider. Physicians should be aware that if they volunteer to assist on an aircraft, they are protected from liability by the 'Good Samaritan' provision of the Airline Passenger Safety Act (7). A basic first aid kit can be found on almost all commercial airlines, and for those with more than 100 passenger seats, a more complete emergency medical kit is available; this should include basic resuscitation medications and equipment, some of which may be appropriate for children.…”

Section: Physician Assistance On Aircraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air travel and children's health issues

Lang¹

2007

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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With more children travelling by air, health care professionals should become more familiar with some of the unique health issues associated with air travel. A thorough literature search involving a number of databases (1966 to 2006) revealed very few evidence-based papers on air travel and children. Many of the existing recommendations are based on descriptive evidence and expert opinion. The present statement will help physicians to inform families about the health-related issues concerning air travel and children, including otitis media, cardiopulmonary disorders, allergies, diabetes, infection and injury prevention. An accompanying document (Information for Parents and Caregivers) is also available in this issue of Paediatrics & Child Health (pages 51-52) to help answer common questions from parents.

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Health risks to air travelers

Abstract: With focused pretravel counseling and intervention, travelers can be prepared to avoid many risks of in-flight problems. Travel medicine practitioners can include appropriate guidance for in-flight health and safety in discussions during pretravel visits.

Cited by 12 publications

References 68 publications

Characterising COVID-19 as a Viral Clotting Fever: A Mixed Methods Scoping Review

Characterising COVID-19 as a Viral Clotting Fever: A Mixed Methods Scoping Review

Air travel and children's health issues

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