Health Insurance and the Demand for Medical Care: a Case Study from China

Guo, Zi-Yi

doi:10.20448/journal.501.2017.41.8.13

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…. In China, due to improvement in the health care system life expectancy increased remarkably between 1969 and 1982 especially in rural areas (Guo, 2017). More than 50% of the Jordanian population is youths that are within working age, with the bulk of them employed in service, banking, insurance, and industrial sectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Covid-19 in Jordan: Conceptual Analysis of Different Economic Sectors

Shatnawi

Sakarneh

2021

BER

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Jordan, similar to other nations around the globe, has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic cut across Jordanian service, banking, insurance, and industrial sectors. The spread of the virus and attempts to control it have generated both social and economic turbulence, turmoil, disorder, uncertainty, and uneasiness in the country. The government of Jordan acted promptly in March 2020 by ordering a national lockdown to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on these economic sectors. The COVID-19 has had both direct and indirect negative effects on these sectors, which are projected to vary from the short to the long term. It is possible to measure the short-term effects as seen in this conceptual work. Some of the short-term effects anticipated include economic recession, high unemployment rate, high inflation, etc. In conclusion, these sectors will continue to encounter challenges because of the ongoing economic slowdown in Jordan due to lockdown and other social measures put in place by the government. Currently, there is yet to be a tentative and complete statistical prediction of the negative economic effects and cost of COVID-19 in Jordan, particularly on its sectors of the economy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Covid-19 in Jordan: Conceptual Analysis of Different Economic Sectors

Shatnawi

Sakarneh

2021

BER

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“…The functional approach by a 4 th order polynomial for pension payments and the direct calculation of their present value using GAF is shown in Wilde (2016). The methodical approach is also applicable to health insurance systems (see for example Guo, 2017).…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Return Rate of a Corporate Pension Scheme? Generalized Annuity Factors Simplify Calculation

Wilde

2020

AFR

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Corporate pension schemes are widely spread especially in Northern Europe, North America, Japan. Often the major portion of defined contributions to the scheme is shouldered by the employer. A crucial question for an employee is, whether the return from his/her corporate pension plan -taking into account the corporate engagement and eventually governmental savings promotion -is favourable in comparison to other capital products for the time of retirement. This question is not answered by the absolute return in form of the future pension amount. Additionally, the employee must know the relative return, the Pension Rate of Return (PRR), in relation to what he/she has invested in form of employee contributions into the pension plan during his/her work life. Focussing on better pension information and also on counteraction to melting interest return, two current topics will be addressed. A very useful evaluation instrument for this task is the Generalized Annuity Factor (GAF). It is a generalization of the well-known Annuity Factor, which is restricted to constant payments only. With GAF any time dependent payments, e.g. linear or more complex nonlinear payments over time can be valued by a compressed closed-form formula in the same manner as constant payments by the classic Annuity Factor. Pension payments regarding mortality are such complex payments depending systematically on age. Because of its computational efficiency the new instrument simplifies calculations to be done also in smaller funds, firms or public services with common spreadsheet programs.

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“…The net effect has been an increase in the average old age dependency ratio from 16.9 in 1980 to 21.2 in 2010 for these countries (Mercer, 2016). In China, the most populous country in the world, life expectancy increased remarkably from 40 to 69 years between 1969 and 1982 due to improvement in the health care system especially in rural areas (Guo, 2017). The country's life expectancy further improved to 76.4 years by 2016 (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018) while old age dependency ratio was 14.5 putting pressure on its pension system (Organization of Economic Development and Cooperation [OECD], 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Pension Scheme Maturity on Investment Strategies of Pension Funds in Kenya

Ngugi¹,

Njuguna²,

Wambalaba³

2018

IJBM

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The longevity risk borne by members of defined contribution pension schemes and the funding risk borne by sponsors of defined benefit pension funds have shifted attention to the investment strategies employed by pension funds. We use secondary data from 206 occupational retirement benefits schemes in Kenya, to examine the influence of pension scheme maturity on investment strategies. We then triangulate the results using focused group discussions with industry experts. Results from the regression models indicate that scheme maturity does not influence the investment strategies of occupation schemes in Kenya contrary to life cycle theory. The Retirement Benefits Authority and trustees of retirement benefits schemes in Kenya are advised to offer members’ investment choices coupled with education to enable them make decisions to reduce their exposure to risky assets as they age.

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Health Insurance and the Demand for Medical Care: a Case Study from China

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Covid-19 in Jordan: Conceptual Analysis of Different Economic Sectors

Effect of Covid-19 in Jordan: Conceptual Analysis of Different Economic Sectors

What is the Return Rate of a Corporate Pension Scheme? Generalized Annuity Factors Simplify Calculation

The Influence of Pension Scheme Maturity on Investment Strategies of Pension Funds in Kenya

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