“…87,95 In general, hPGCs/hPGCLCs express a range of types of key genes, including (1) pluripotency markers: NANOG, POU5F1, ALPL, KLF4, LIN28, KIT, NANOS3, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, DPPA3 (also called as STELLA), and ZFP42 (also known as REX1), 17,20,21,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167] (2) cell-surface makers: CD38, EPCAM, ITGA6 (INTEGRIN alpha 6), ITGB3, FGFR3, KIT, and ALPL, 20,21,167,168 (3) germline markers: SOX17, BLIMP1 (also known as PRDM1), TFAP2C, PRDM14, DDX4 (also known as VASA), DAZL, and TCL1A, 20,21,167,[169][170][171][172] (4) amnion-related genes: CDX2 and GATA3, 24 (5) mesoderm markers: EOMES, NODAL, SP5, and T, 20,21 (6) transcription factors: SOX17, BLIMP1, SOX15, GATA4, PRDM14, SALL4, and UTF1, 20,21,[172][173][174][175] and ( 7) epigenetic regulation factors: DNA demethylation dioxygenases (TET1, TET2, and TET3), protein arginine methyltransferase 5(PRMT5), and DND microRNAmediated repression inhibitor 1(DND1). 20,167,176,177 The types and expression patterns of these marker genes reflect corresponding states of hPGC development and cell identity. For example, expression levels of pluripotency genes gradually decrease in hPGCs from embryos of 4-19 weeks, 167 indicating a slow loss of pluripotency.…”