HBIM, 3D drawing and virtual reality for archaeological sites and ancient ruins

Abstract

<jats:p>&lt;p class="VARAbstract"&gt;Data collection, documentation and analysis of the traces of ancient ruins and archaeological sites represent an inestimable value to be handed down to future generations. Thanks to the development of new technologies in the field of computer graphics, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR) and three-dimensional (3D) digital survey, this research proposes new levels of interactivity between users and virtual environments capable of communicating the tangible and intangible values of remains of ancient ruins. In this particular field of development, 3D drawing and digital modelling are based on the application of new Scan-to-HBIM-to-VR specifications capable of transforming simple points (point clouds) into mathematical models and digital information. Thanks to the direct application of novel grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) it has been possible to go beyond the creation of complex models for heritage BIM (HBIM) and explore the creation of informative 3D representation composed by sub-elements (granular HBIM objects) characterized by a further level of knowledge. The value of measurement, 3D drawing and digital modelling have been investigated from the scientific point of view and oriented to the generation of a holistic model able to relate both with architects, engineers, and surveyors but also with archaeologists, restorers and virtual tourists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Highlights:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concept of ‘granular HBIM objects’ is introduced to show the unexpressed potential of the scan-to-BIM process for different types of data analyses and uses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sustainable development of VR projects for archaeological sites is proposed, allowing users to discover the hidden historical values with new levels of interactivity and information.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;HBIM and VR projects have been improved through the integration of laser scanning, digital photogrammetry (terrestrial and UAV) and advanced modelling techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</jats:p>

Bim Interoperability: Open Bim-Based Workflow for Heritage Building Information Modelling (Hbim). A Multidisciplinary Approach Based on Advanced 3d Tools and Exchange Formats

“…Accordingly, the standard should therefore represent the state of the art, practice and science shared by all stakeholders (private and public), concerning a specific process, service, or product. In this context, interesting studies have identified the main shortcomings of these guidelines oriented to new buildings and proposed their methods able to improve HBIM projects (Banfi, 2020;.…”

“…In recent years, interesting studies proposed digital workflows able to manage the richness of heritage buildings through very detailed HBIM projects. Unlike digital representations of newly built buildings, HBIM was useful for investigating new types of analyses such as material analyzes (Brumana et al, 2018), construction site conservation projects (Fai, & Rafeiro, 2014), work breakdown structures (WBS) (Putra Lim, & Latief, 2020), mixed reality and archaeological sites (Banfi, 2020), infrastructures (Boykov, Skvortsov, & Gurev, 2020), and finite element analysis (FEA) (Fabozzi et al, 2020). In this context, thanks to specific exchange formats have been possible to transform geometric entities such as solids, surfaces, and primitives for different types of BIM-based analyses.…”

HBIM for the preservation of a historic infrastructure: the Carlo III bridge of the Carolino Aqueduct

“…3 Carlo III bridge, Moiano (BN), aerial image showing the crossing of the Isclero river Fig. 4 The main materials of the Bridge: a the local limestone with the presence of a disintegration phenomenon and a superficial patina; b the yellow tuff, and the clear lesion on the South elevation fields, and many tweaks have been proposed to address this issue (Banfi 2020).…”

Geomatic Contribution for the Restoration Project of the Valentino Castle Green Room. From Data Acquisition to Integrated Documentation

“…These issues are often caused by the dimension of the file associated with this reality-based models and with the complexity of their topology. Due to the lack of advanced modelling tools in many BIM applications, that provide management tools for new buildings rather than pre-existing heritage assets (Banfi 2020), frequently a substantial simplification of the acquired geometries is required. This aspect is a crucial point since in the framework of cultural heritage documentation, a high level of detail is not only recommended but almost mandatory, due to the necessity to accurately and adequately study the shapes, geometries, features and irregularities of the researched objects.…”