Hashimoto Encephalopathy Following Iodine 131 (131I) Radiotherapy of Graves Disease

Hashimoto Encephalopathy: A Rare Intricate Syndrome

“…Genetic background can contribute to the etiopathogenesis of HE, as also known for other cases of autoimmune disorders. A similar case was also mentioned above (5), whereas another case developed after thyroid radiotherapy with iodine-131 for Graves’ disease (65). …”

Hashimoto Encephalopathy: A Rare Intricate Syndrome

“…Genetic background can contribute to the etiopathogenesis of HE, as also known for other cases of autoimmune disorders. A similar case was also mentioned above (5), whereas another case developed after thyroid radiotherapy with iodine-131 for Graves’ disease (65). …”

Myelitis preceding anti-N-terminal of α-enolase antibody-positive Hashimoto's encephalopathy

“…Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be a useful modality for diagnosing Hashimoto's encephalopathy when the MRI findings are inconclusive. SPECT imaging may reveal hypoperfusion in regions integral to memory and mental function, including the left prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus [ 10 , 23 ].…”

“…While Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with pyramidal tract symptoms is common, abnormal MRI signals in the pyramidal tracts have been rarely documented. Dihné et al reported the case of a 61-year-old man with progressive cognitive dysfunction and tremor, with high signal areas on FLAIR images in the bilateral pyramidal tracts and the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes [ 10 ]. Steroid pulse therapy demonstrated effectiveness, resulting in near-complete resolution of both clinical and imaging abnormalities.…”

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy: an under recognised aspect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

“…However, previous studies revealed a mainstream of cases presenting with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism 1 8. Some patients with thyrotoxicosis, such as Graves’ disease, subacute thyroiditis or radiation thyroiditis, have been reported as well 10–12…”

Hashimoto Encephalopathy: A Rare Intricate Syndrome

“…Genetic background can contribute to the etiopathogenesis of HE, as also known for other cases of autoimmune disorders. A similar case was also mentioned above (5), whereas another case developed after thyroid radiotherapy with iodine-131 for Graves’ disease (65). …”

Myelitis preceding anti-N-terminal of α-enolase antibody-positive Hashimoto's encephalopathy

“…Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be a useful modality for diagnosing Hashimoto's encephalopathy when the MRI findings are inconclusive. SPECT imaging may reveal hypoperfusion in regions integral to memory and mental function, including the left prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus [ 10 , 23 ].…”

“…While Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with pyramidal tract symptoms is common, abnormal MRI signals in the pyramidal tracts have been rarely documented. Dihné et al reported the case of a 61-year-old man with progressive cognitive dysfunction and tremor, with high signal areas on FLAIR images in the bilateral pyramidal tracts and the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes [ 10 ]. Steroid pulse therapy demonstrated effectiveness, resulting in near-complete resolution of both clinical and imaging abnormalities.…”

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy: an under recognised aspect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

“…However, previous studies revealed a mainstream of cases presenting with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism 1 8. Some patients with thyrotoxicosis, such as Graves’ disease, subacute thyroiditis or radiation thyroiditis, have been reported as well 10–12…”

Hashimoto Encephalopathy: A Rare Intricate Syndrome

“…Genetic background can contribute to the etiopathogenesis of HE, as also known for other cases of autoimmune disorders. A similar case was also mentioned above (5), whereas another case developed after thyroid radiotherapy with iodine-131 for Graves’ disease (65). …”

Myelitis preceding anti-N-terminal of α-enolase antibody-positive Hashimoto's encephalopathy

“…Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be a useful modality for diagnosing Hashimoto's encephalopathy when the MRI findings are inconclusive. SPECT imaging may reveal hypoperfusion in regions integral to memory and mental function, including the left prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus [ 10 , 23 ].…”

“…While Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with pyramidal tract symptoms is common, abnormal MRI signals in the pyramidal tracts have been rarely documented. Dihné et al reported the case of a 61-year-old man with progressive cognitive dysfunction and tremor, with high signal areas on FLAIR images in the bilateral pyramidal tracts and the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes [ 10 ]. Steroid pulse therapy demonstrated effectiveness, resulting in near-complete resolution of both clinical and imaging abnormalities.…”

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy: an under recognised aspect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

“…However, previous studies revealed a mainstream of cases presenting with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism 1 8. Some patients with thyrotoxicosis, such as Graves’ disease, subacute thyroiditis or radiation thyroiditis, have been reported as well 10–12…”