Hard Carbon Originated from Polyvinyl Chloride Nanofibers As High-Performance Anode Material for Na-Ion Battery

Abstract

Two types of hard carbon materials were synthesized through direct pyrolysis of commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles and pyrolysis of PVC nanofibers at 600-800 °C, respectively, where the nanofibers were prepared by an electrospinning PVC precursors method. These as-prepared hard carbon samples were used as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. The hard carbon obtained from PVC nanofibers achieved a high reversible capacity of 271 mAh/g and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 69.9%, which were much superior to the one from commercial PVC, namely, a reversible capacity of 206 mAh/g and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 60.9%. In addition, the hard carbon originated from the PVC nanofibers exhibited good cycling stability and rate performance: the initial discharge capacities were 389, 228, 194, 178, 147 mAh/g at the current density of 12, 24, 60, 120, and 240 mA/g, respectively, retaining 211 mAh/g after 150 cycles. Such excellent cycle performance, high reversible capacity, and good rate capability enabled this hard carbon to be a promising candidate as anode material for Na-ion battery application.

Multidimensional Evolution of Carbon Structures Underpinned by Temperature‐Induced Intermediate of Chloride for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…In Figure 13S (Supporting Information), the disappeared reduction peaks at first curves are due to the formation of SEI film with the decomposition of the electrolyte 44. After the first charge/discharge process, it is clear that the second, third, and fourth curves are overlapped, indicating that the stable SEI film is accomplished.…”

Encapsulation of CoSx Nanocrystals into N/S Co‐Doped Honeycomb‐Like 3D Porous Carbon for High‐Performance Lithium Storage

“…According to the 2θ degree of (0 0 2), the average value of interlayer distance ( d 002 ) is 0.352 nm, which is larger than 0.335 nm of graphite. The expanded interlayer spacing of the carbon material might facilitate the migration of Li + 33, 34…”

Polyanion‐Type Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…As compared to other Na‐ion battery anode materials such as hard carbon,42 metal oxide,43 and intermetallic anode materials,44 NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NTP) in an aqueous system combines the advantages of fast ion transport, slight volume expansion, low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness, all of which contribute its commercialization. However, similar to other NASICON‐type materials, the practical applications of NTP are severely hindered by its poor rate performance owing to its low electronic conductivity.…”