Haptoglobin, a hemoglobin-binding plasma protein, is present in bony fish and mammals but not in frog and chicken

Abstract

Hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes may cause oxidation of lipids and proteins. Haptoglobin (Hp), which occurs in the plasma of all mammals, binds free Hb and inhibits its oxidative activity. It is not known whether this protective protein also exists in lower vertebrates. By analyzing available genomic sequences, we have found that bony fish, but not more primitive animals, have a gene coding for a protein homologous to mammalian Hp. Furthermore, we show that this protein is present in the plasma of Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) and that it binds Hb. These results, together with a phylogenetic analysis, suggest that Hp evolved from a complement-associated protein (mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteinase, MASP), with the emergence of fish. Surprisingly, we found that both chicken (Gallus gallus) and the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) lack the Hp gene. In chicken plasma, however, we identified a different type of Hbbinding protein, PIT54, which has been reported to be a potent antioxidant. PIT54 is a soluble member of the family of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich proteins, and we found that its gene exists only in birds. We also show that the plasma of ostrich (Strutio camelus), a primitive bird, contains both PIT54 and Hp. Collectively, our data suggest that PIT54 has successively taken over the function of Hp during the evolution of the avian lineage and has completely replaced the latter protein in chicken.evolution ͉ PIT54 ͉ complement proteinase

Proteomic Analysis of Egg Yolk Proteins During Embryonic Development in Wanxi White Goose

“…47 Hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes may cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins, and poultry SSC5D-like could bind to free Hb and inhibit its oxidative activity. 48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein.…”

“…48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein. 49 Rehault-Godbert suggested that serum albumin was degraded or absorbed during embryonic development to provide nutrients for developing embryos.…”

Proteomic Analysis of Egg Yolk Proteins During Embryonic Development in Wanxi White Goose

“…47 Hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes may cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins, and poultry SSC5D-like could bind to free Hb and inhibit its oxidative activity. 48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein.…”

“…48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein. 49 Rehault-Godbert suggested that serum albumin was degraded or absorbed during embryonic development to provide nutrients for developing embryos.…”

Haptoglobin Is a Divergent MASP Family Member That Neofunctionalized To Recycle Hemoglobin via CD163 in Mammals

“…It is noteworthy that, in our hands, trout Hp did not show Hb- (or Ni 2+ −) binding. This contradicts the observation of Wicher and Fries with pufferfish Hp (9), and suggests that Hb-binding is also species-specific in bony fishes. How Hb-binding is mediated in teleost species, lacking many of the Hb-interacting residues of mammalian Hp or the his-enrichment of cartilaginous fish Hp, requires further investigation.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiplatelet Activities of Plasma Are Conserved Across Twelve Mammalian Species

“…However, unlike albumin which is found in all vertebrates, haptoglobin is found only in mammals and in bony fish but not in chicken [20]. This may account for the observed ineffectiveness of the chicken plasma against platelet aggregation in the current study.…”

Proteomic Analysis of Egg Yolk Proteins During Embryonic Development in Wanxi White Goose

“…47 Hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes may cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins, and poultry SSC5D-like could bind to free Hb and inhibit its oxidative activity. 48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein.…”

“…48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein. 49 Rehault-Godbert suggested that serum albumin was degraded or absorbed during embryonic development to provide nutrients for developing embryos.…”

Haptoglobin Is a Divergent MASP Family Member That Neofunctionalized To Recycle Hemoglobin via CD163 in Mammals

“…It is noteworthy that, in our hands, trout Hp did not show Hb- (or Ni 2+ −) binding. This contradicts the observation of Wicher and Fries with pufferfish Hp (9), and suggests that Hb-binding is also species-specific in bony fishes. How Hb-binding is mediated in teleost species, lacking many of the Hb-interacting residues of mammalian Hp or the his-enrichment of cartilaginous fish Hp, requires further investigation.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiplatelet Activities of Plasma Are Conserved Across Twelve Mammalian Species

“…However, unlike albumin which is found in all vertebrates, haptoglobin is found only in mammals and in bony fish but not in chicken [20]. This may account for the observed ineffectiveness of the chicken plasma against platelet aggregation in the current study.…”

Proteomic Analysis of Egg Yolk Proteins During Embryonic Development in Wanxi White Goose

“…47 Hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes may cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins, and poultry SSC5D-like could bind to free Hb and inhibit its oxidative activity. 48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein.…”

“…48 In this study, the M W of SSC5D-like was consistent with the results determined by Wicher and was higher than the theoretical value, which might be that SSC5Dlike undergoes modification. 48 Serum albumin, also known as α-livetin, belongs to yolk plasma protein. 49 Rehault-Godbert suggested that serum albumin was degraded or absorbed during embryonic development to provide nutrients for developing embryos.…”

Haptoglobin Is a Divergent MASP Family Member That Neofunctionalized To Recycle Hemoglobin via CD163 in Mammals

“…It is noteworthy that, in our hands, trout Hp did not show Hb- (or Ni 2+ −) binding. This contradicts the observation of Wicher and Fries with pufferfish Hp (9), and suggests that Hb-binding is also species-specific in bony fishes. How Hb-binding is mediated in teleost species, lacking many of the Hb-interacting residues of mammalian Hp or the his-enrichment of cartilaginous fish Hp, requires further investigation.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiplatelet Activities of Plasma Are Conserved Across Twelve Mammalian Species

“…However, unlike albumin which is found in all vertebrates, haptoglobin is found only in mammals and in bony fish but not in chicken [20]. This may account for the observed ineffectiveness of the chicken plasma against platelet aggregation in the current study.…”