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Iqbal, Shamsi T.; Horvitz, Eric; Ju, Yun-Cheng; Mathews, Ella

doi:10.1145/1978942.1979008

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the driving domain, researchers have explored the effectiveness of systems for aiding driving by providing local danger alerts [14], mediating communications among car passengers [34], or persuading people to drive in a more economical manner [36]. For example, Iqbal et al explored how alerts can gain user attention while driving and conversing on a cellphone simultaneously, and found that alerts reduced driving errors, while also reducing conversation quality [25].…”

Section: (In-car) Alertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it might be beneficial to also inform the user about why the pre-alert is raised (for example, is a sensor not working, does the car notice traffic), and what concrete actions they are to take (e.g., "Scan your surroundings to see whether you can come to a stop, or can go to another lane"). Preceding work has suggested that such concrete alerts are helpful in the automotive domain [25]. We also used only one modality (audio) for the alert.…”

Section: Encoding More Information In Pre-alertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Priming Drivers before Handover in Semi-Autonomous Cars

Heiden

Iqbal

Janssen

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Semi-autonomous vehicles occasionally require control to be handed over to the driver in situations where the vehicle is unable to operate safely. Currently, such handover requests require the driver to take control almost instantaneously. We investigate how auditory pre-alerts that occur well before the handover request impact the success of the handover in a dual task scenario. In a study with a driving simulator, drivers perform tasks on their phone while the car is in an autonomous mode. They receive a repeated burst audio prealert or an increasing pulse audio pre-alert preceding the standard warning for immediate handover. Results show that pre-alerts caused people to look more at the road before the handover occurred, and to disengage from the secondary task earlier, compared to when there was no pre-alert. This resulted in safer handover situations. Increasing pulse prealerts show particular promise due to their communication of urgency. Our detailed analysis informs the design and evaluation of alerts in safety-critical systems with automation.

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Section: (In-car) Alertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Encoding More Information In Pre-alertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming Drivers before Handover in Semi-Autonomous Cars

Heiden

Iqbal

Janssen

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Some studies have focused on providing the driver with additional driving context by alerting them of upcoming dangerous road segments (e.g., Charlton, 2009; Iqbal, Horvitz, Ju, & Matthews, 2011). One study has looked at the effects of having a two-way video conversation, by showing a video of the caller to the driver and of the driver to the caller (Kun & Medenica, 2012).…”

Section: Sharing Context To Reduce Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing a driver’s context with a caller via continuous audio cues to increase awareness about driver state.

Janssen¹,

Iqbal²,

Ju³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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In an experiment using a driving simulator we investigated whether sharing information of a driver's context with a remote caller via continuous audio cues can make callers more aware of the driving situation. Increased awareness could potentially help in making the conversation less distracting. Prior research has shown that although sharing context using video can create such beneficial effects, it also has some practical disadvantages. It is an open question whether other modalities might also provide sufficient context for a caller. In particular, the effects of sharing audio, a cheaper, more salient, and perhaps more practical alternative than video, are not well understood. We investigated sharing context using direct cues in the form of realistic driving sounds (e.g., car honks, sirens) and indirect cues in the form of elevated heartbeats. Sound sharing affected the caller's perception of the driver's busyness. However, this had at most a modest effect on conversation and driving performance. An implication of these results is that although sharing sounds can increase a caller's awareness of changes in the driver's busyness, they need more training or information on how to leverage such context information to reduce disruption to driving. Limitations and implications are discussed.

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“…when as well as how information should be delivered. Iqbal et al (2011) looked at being proactive with road condition alerts to drivers engaged in phone conversations. They showed that interventions lowered collisions and turning errors compared to trials without interventions.…”

Section: Research Topic Sub-topic Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hoffmann et al, 2014), temporal aspects (e.g. Iqbal et al, 2011), and general speech production (Clark et al, 2016), with each study varying in the concepts explored within those sub-topics. Similar variation was observed for papers comparing speech with other modalities.…”

Section: Achieving Critical Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of Speech in HCI: Trends, Themes and Challenges

Clark

Doyle

Garaialde

et al. 2019

Interacting With Computers

146

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Speech interfaces are growing in popularity. Through a review of 68 research papers this work maps the trends, themes, findings and methods of empirical research on speech interfaces in HCI. We find that most studies are usability/theory-focused or explore wider system experiences, evaluating Wizard of Oz, prototypes, or developed systems by using self-report questionnaires to measure concepts like usability and user attitudes. A thematic analysis of the research found that speech HCI work focuses on nine key topics: system speech production, modality comparison, user speech production, assistive technology & accessibility, design insight, experiences with interactive voice response (IVR) systems, using speech technology for development, people's experiences with intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) and how user memory affects speech interface interaction. From these insights we identify gaps and challenges in speech research, notably the need to develop theories of speech interface interaction, grow critical mass in this domain, increase design work, and expand research from single to multiple user interaction contexts so as to reflect current use contexts. We also highlight the need to improve measure reliability, validity and consistency, in the wild deployment and reduce barriers to building fully functional speech interfaces for research. Author Keywords Speech interfaces; speech HCI; review; speech technology; voice user interfaces Research Highlights• Most papers focused on usability/theory-based or wider system experience research with a focus on Wizard of Oz and developed systems, though a lack of design work • Questionnaires on usability and user attitudes often used but few were reliable or validated • Thematic analysis showed nine primary research topics • Gaps in research critical mass, speech HCI theories, and multiple user contexts

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Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Priming Drivers before Handover in Semi-Autonomous Cars

Priming Drivers before Handover in Semi-Autonomous Cars

Sharing a driver’s context with a caller via continuous audio cues to increase awareness about driver state.

The State of Speech in HCI: Trends, Themes and Challenges

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