Handbook of Natural Zeolites

Inglezakis, Vassilis J.; Zorpas, Antonis A.; Ahmadi, Babak; Fernando, Borsatto; Chmielewská, Eva; George, Christidis; Cobzaru, Claudia; Costas, Costa N.; Maria, Doula; Elaiopoulos, Kyriakos; Ganrot, Zsofia; Gedik, Kadir; Hamidpour, Mohsen; Anger, Ildiko; İpek, İmamoğlu; Vassilis, Inglezakis J.; Victor, Kavvadias A.; Kazemian, Hossein; Maria, Loizidou; Kalbasi, M.; Marantos, I.; Arora, Meenakshi; Kathryn, M; Najimi, Meysam; Valentina, Nikashina A.; Jilska, Perera M.; Petros, Savva; Shariatmadari, H.; Shekarchi, Mohammad; Soleimani, Mohsen; Geoffrey, Stevens W.; Marinos, Stylianou A.; Tzia, Constantina; Mihaela, Ulmanu; Wang, Shaobin; Antonis, Zorpas A.

doi:10.2174/97816080526151120101

Cited by 64 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…[Al9Si27O27]⋅27H2O) has been seen in any of the studied samples (typical unit cell formulas from Ulmanu, 2012).…”

Section: Whole-rock Mineral Compositionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Partial substitution of Si 4+ by Al 3+ results in an overall negatively charged crystal lattice, largely neutralized with diverse exchangeable extraframework cations (commonly K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , and/or Mg 2+ ) that are loosely bound within the open pore structure (Bogdanov et al, 2009). Water molecules also occupy open framework cavities (Inglezakis and Loizidou, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colella, 2011). Chemically modifying the surface of clinoptilolite and loading the framework with different cations allows many further uses (e.g., Inglezakis and Zorpas, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrogenesis of a Large-Scale Miocene Zeolite Tuff in the Eastern Slovak Republic: The Nižný Hrabovec Open-Pit Clinoptilolite Mine

Tschegg¹,

Rice

Grasemann

et al. 2019

Economic Geology

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Over 170,000 metric tonnes of high-grade clinoptilolite tuff were extracted from the open-pit mine in Nižný Hrabovec (eastern Slovak Republic) in 2018, making it one of the world’s major natural clinoptilolite producers. The mine is hosted in a Miocene volcanogenic-sedimentary deposit in the East Slovak basin, with estimated 150 million tonnes of clinoptilolite tuff—the economically most important reserve in the European Union. The 100-m-thick tuff horizon is under- and overlain by SW-dipping shallow-marine Badenian sediments (16.30–15.03 Ma ≅ Langhian stage). The tuff is rhyolitic (74.3–77.6 wt % SiO2, 4.09–5.49 wt % Na2O + K2O) with a generally high-K calc-alkaline affinity (3.07–4.28 wt % K2O), comparable to volcanic rocks in the central segment of the Carpathian-Pannonian region of similar age. Although some parts of the tuff underwent slight geochemical changes during formation, this did not significantly change the whole-rock composition of the strikingly homogeneous raw material present in the mine. Rare earth elements (ΣREE = 117–141 ppm) show a uniform pattern, with enriched light REEs and negative Eu anomalies of 0.42 to 0.6 (when normalized to chondrite), comparable to the upper continental crust composition. Mean 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70880 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512463 indicate an enriched magmatic source, with a dominant crustal contribution. X-ray diffraction data and electron probe microanalyses show that clinoptilolite-Ca is the only zeolite phase present in the deposit. High-resolution electron probe microanalytical imaging and measurement techniques reveal that clinoptilolite is present as (1) coarse patches that either form pseudomorphs of volcanic glass shards or grew in voids and (2) ultrafine material making up the matrix of the tuff. Both textural types have Si/Al >4, and their evolution is connected to dissolution-(transport)-precipitation reactions from acidic volcanic ash under alkaline fluid influence and slightly elevated pressure-temperature (44°–84°C) conditions. Authigenic cristobalite, detected as ultrafine-grained matrix crystallites, formed during the zeolitization process from excess Si. The large-scale, remarkably homogeneous and monomineralic natural zeolite deposit formed from a well-equilibrated magmatic source, with no syn- to postsedimentary reworking and with essentially isochemical conditions during the zeolitization process.

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“…[Al9Si27O27]⋅27H2O) has been seen in any of the studied samples (typical unit cell formulas from Ulmanu, 2012).…”

Section: Whole-rock Mineral Compositionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrogenesis of a Large-Scale Miocene Zeolite Tuff in the Eastern Slovak Republic: The Nižný Hrabovec Open-Pit Clinoptilolite Mine

Tschegg¹,

Rice

Grasemann

et al. 2019

Economic Geology

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“…is a naturally occurring (volcanic origin) zeolite mineral of the heulandite framework type (Baerlocher et al, 2007;Inglezakis et al, 1999;Sprynskyy, 2009). The zeolite structure (Figure 1) contains a TO 4 tetrahedra (T = Si or Al) where the addition of Al 3+ produces a charge imbalance and net negative charge (Colella & Wise, 2014;Inglezakis & Zorpas, 2012). For this study, Naclinoptilolite grains of 2.4 to 4.8 mm in diameter (4 × 8 mesh) were obtained from KMI Zeolite, Inc. in Nevada, USA.…”

Section: Zeolite: Clinoptilolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinoptilolite and iron sorption/desorption under multiple pH conditions: Testing a substrate for passive treatment of acidic, iron‐rich solutions

Langman

Sandlin

Waynant

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Equilibrium sorption and desorption experiments were conducted with clinoptilolite to evaluate the potential sorption/desorption of iron during different pH conditions. Sorption experiments indicated a partitioning of 0% to 17% of the iron in solution given pH of 2 to 4. The pH 2 solution was able to desorb 70% of the iron that was captured from a pH 3 solution. The largest desorption and sorption of iron and corresponding pH represent the end points of iron capture primarily by sorption/ exchange. These endpoints are the estimated pH pzc of 2.5 and the initial precipitation point of iron(II) at pH ~3.5. This acidity range is where clinoptilolite is able to capture iron without precipitation or the occurrence of full surface protonation. The inability of the highest acidity to remove all sorbed iron represents the greater bound iron that will not readily desorb with a change in pH. This retained iron creates a metastable state of the clinoptilolite that has a lower sorption capacity but reflects the ability of clinoptilolite to retain a sorbed transition metal with changes in pH. As pH varies, clinoptilolite may evolve in a sequence of metastable states reflective of its ability to capture or retain metals. © 2021 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points• Clinoptilolite is a capable reactive substrate, but its sorption/exchange effectiveness at low and variable pH and ability to retain captured metals was unknown. • Clinoptilolite retains its metal capture properties to a pH of 2.5 where surface protonation and mineral degradation likely occurs. • The ability of clinoptilolite to retain captured iron under greater acidity reflects an evolution of its sorption/retention capacity.

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“…Two thousand years later, structures built by the Romans using tuff-bearing concrete can still be found largely intact, a testament to their high strength, durability, and resistance to weathering (e.g., [6][7][8][9]). More recently, considerable effort has been spent investigating the effectiveness of using natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material and/or aggregate, most of which show that the addition of natural zeolites leads to an improvement of the mechanical strength, durability properties, and/or weather resistance of cement and concrete (e.g., [2,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]). In cases in which improvements to concrete performance were not observed, or performance was diminished, it was concluded that natural zeolites still offer an economically and environmentally friendly pozzolan substitute (e.g., [27]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fire resistance of high-strength concrete containing natural zeolites

Kushnir

Heap

Griffiths

et al. 2021

Cement and Concrete Composites

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More sustainable and environmentally friendly concretes are essential to reduce the climatic and environmental impact of the growing demand for concrete to fuel urban sprawl. This manuscript reports on an experimental study designed to test the fire resistance of one such concrete, prepared to contain natural zeolite-bearing tuff. The fire resistance of concretes containing natural zeolites has received little attention and is therefore poorly understood.Relative reductions in residual uniaxial compressive strength as a function of increasing temperature (up to 1000 °C) were very similar for the reference concrete (containing no tuff) and the tuff-bearing concrete. These data can be explained by the similar influence of hightemperature on the chemical (dehydroxylation reactions) and physical (microcracking and porosity) properties of both concretes. The satisfactory performance of the concrete containing natural zeolites following fire is welcome owing to the economic, climatic, and environmental benefits of using natural pozzolan and aggregate substitutes.

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Handbook of Natural Zeolites

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Petrogenesis of a Large-Scale Miocene Zeolite Tuff in the Eastern Slovak Republic: The Nižný Hrabovec Open-Pit Clinoptilolite Mine

Petrogenesis of a Large-Scale Miocene Zeolite Tuff in the Eastern Slovak Republic: The Nižný Hrabovec Open-Pit Clinoptilolite Mine

Clinoptilolite and iron sorption/desorption under multiple pH conditions: Testing a substrate for passive treatment of acidic, iron‐rich solutions

The fire resistance of high-strength concrete containing natural zeolites

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