Haloanaerobium alcaliphilum sp. nov., an Anaerobic Moderate Halophile from the Sediments of Great Salt Lake, Utah

Abstract

A strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from Great Salt Lake, Utah, sediments and designated GSLST (T = type strain). Strain GSLST grew optimally at pH 6.7 to 7.0 but had a very broad pH range for growth (pH 5.8 to 10.0). The optimum temperature for growth was 37"C, and no growth occurred at 15 or 55°C. The optimum salt concentration for growth was 10%. Strain GSLST required yeast extract and Trypticase peptone to ferment carbohydrates, pyruvate, and glycine betaine. Strain GSLST was resistant to penicillin, D-cycloserine, tetracycline, and streptomycin. The G+C content of this isolate was 31 mol%. The fermentation products from glucose utilization were acetate, butyrate, lactate, CO,, and H,, and in addition strain GSLST fermented glycine betaine to acetate and trimethylamine. All of these traits distinguish this organism from all previously described halophilic anaerobes. The 16s rRNA gene sequence of strain GSLST was found to be similar to, but also significantly different from, the 16s rRNA sequences of Haloanuerobium sahugo and Haloanaerobium praevalens. Therefore, strain GSLST ( = DSM 827ST) is described as a new species, Haloanaerobium alcaliphilum.

Salinity Constraints on Subsurface Archaeal Diversity and Methanogenesis in Sedimentary Rock Rich in Organic Matter

“…In hypersaline environments, betaine is a common osmoregulatory compound synthesized at high concentrations by certain halophilic bacteria (42). Betaine can be fermented to yield acetate and trimethylamine by a variety of fermentative bacteria, including halophilic acetogens and other halophiles (19,37,53). Specifically, it has been demonstrated that a methanogen fermenter coculture of Methanohalophilus sp.…”

Haloanaerobium kushneri sp. nov., an obligately halophilic, anaerobic bacterium from an oil brine

“…praevalens, H. saccharolyticum and H. congolense. In addition, the maximum pH for growth for strains VS-751T, VS-5 11 and VS-732 is 8.0 while H. alcaliphilurn, H. praevalens and H. congolense can grow at pH values greater than 8.0 (Ravot et al, 1997;Zeikus et al, 1983;Tsai et al, 1995). The growth of H. lacusroseus was inhibited by magnesium chloride while the three strains examined here tolerated at least 1 M magnesium chloride.…”

“…salsugo (Bhupathiraju et al, 1994a) was phenotypically the most similar to strains VS-751T, VS-51 l and VS-732. H. salsugo produced more acetate than ethanol from glucose (Bhupathiraju et al, 1994a) et al (1994aet al ( ), Cayol et al (1994, Ravot et al (1997), Rainey et al (1995), Rengpipat et al (1988), Tourova et al (1995, Tsai et al (1995), Zeikus et al (1983) and Zhilina et al (1992 The phenotypic variability among strains VS-75 lT, VS-511 and VS-732 seems unusual since all three strains were isolated from the same hypersaline oil reservoir, which also contained another phenotypically similar species of Haloanaerobium (Bhupathiraju et al, 1991(Bhupathiraju et al, , 1993(Bhupathiraju et al, , 1994a. It is easier to understand such variability when strains of the same species are isolated from geographically distinct environments, as with the subspecies of H. saccharolyticum (Cayol et al, 1994;Zhilina et al, 1992).…”

“…In the family Haloanaerobiaceae, the genus with the largest number of described species is Haloanaerobium, which includes ; Haloanaerobiurn praevalens (Rainey et al, 1995;Zeikus et al, 1983), Haloanaerobium acetoethylicum (formerly Halobacteroides The GenBank accession numbers for the (1500 nucleotide) 165 rRNA sequences for strain VS-75IT and H. acetoethylicum ATCC 43120T are U86446 and U86448. acetoethylicus) (Pate1 et al, 1995;Rengpipat et al, 1988), Haloanaerobium alcaliphilum (Rainey et al, 1995 ;Tsai et al, 1995), Haloanaerobium lacusroseus , Haloanaerobium saccharolyticum subsp. saccharolyticum (formerly Haloincola saccharolyticum subsp.…”

Batch treatment of saline wastewater by Halanaerobium lacusrosei in an anaerobic packed bed reactor

“…9 -12 However, different anaerobic halophilic organisms have been isolated so far. For example, Haloanaerobacter chitinovorans, which was isolated from a saltern in California; 13 Haloanaerobium congolense from an African oil field; 14 Halanaerobium lacusrosei from sediment of a hypersaline lake; 15 Haloanaerobium praevalens 16 and Haloanaerobium alcaliphilum 17 from Great Salt Lake sediment. These organisms were also identified in canned food.…”