Haline stratification in the Rhine-Meuse freshwater plume: a three-dimensional model sensitivity analysis

The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence

“…On a subtidal time scale, we observe a two-layer salinity structure with a generally well-mixed bottom region as a result of the vertical mixing associated with the tidal currents, and a very stratified upper layer. This is consistent with previous modeling studies in the Rhine ROFI (Ruddick et al 1995;de Boer et al 2006).…”

The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence

“…On a subtidal time scale, we observe a two-layer salinity structure with a generally well-mixed bottom region as a result of the vertical mixing associated with the tidal currents, and a very stratified upper layer. This is consistent with previous modeling studies in the Rhine ROFI (Ruddick et al 1995;de Boer et al 2006).…”

A numerical study of the formation of the Rhône River plume

“…A compari son with the case of the Rhine seemed worthwhile since the Rhine shares certain characteristics with the Rhone system, such as the mean freshwater dis charge (about 2000 m3 /s) and the Kelvin number (about 3). Moreover, recent studies on the Rhine River plume, conducted with a 3-D model similar to the one used here (Ruddick et al, 1994(Ruddick et al, , 1995 provide substantial material for comparison with our results. While there is some disagreement between Garvine's classification (Table 1) and Ruddick's (1994) estimate of the Froude number (Ruddick's estimate is indeed ab out 0.9), it seems that the Rhine River plume may reasonably be considered to be subcritical.…”

Tidal impacts on primary production in the North Sea

“…CC BY 4.0 License. Ruddick et al, 1995;Schrum, 1997). Consequently, the variation in the onset of stratification is less clear in the southeastern part than in other parts of the SNS.…”

The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence

“…On a subtidal time scale, we observe a two-layer salinity structure with a generally well-mixed bottom region as a result of the vertical mixing associated with the tidal currents, and a very stratified upper layer. This is consistent with previous modeling studies in the Rhine ROFI (Ruddick et al 1995;de Boer et al 2006).…”

A numerical study of the formation of the Rhône River plume

“…A compari son with the case of the Rhine seemed worthwhile since the Rhine shares certain characteristics with the Rhone system, such as the mean freshwater dis charge (about 2000 m3 /s) and the Kelvin number (about 3). Moreover, recent studies on the Rhine River plume, conducted with a 3-D model similar to the one used here (Ruddick et al, 1994(Ruddick et al, , 1995 provide substantial material for comparison with our results. While there is some disagreement between Garvine's classification (Table 1) and Ruddick's (1994) estimate of the Froude number (Ruddick's estimate is indeed ab out 0.9), it seems that the Rhine River plume may reasonably be considered to be subcritical.…”

Tidal impacts on primary production in the North Sea

“…CC BY 4.0 License. Ruddick et al, 1995;Schrum, 1997). Consequently, the variation in the onset of stratification is less clear in the southeastern part than in other parts of the SNS.…”

The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence

“…On a subtidal time scale, we observe a two-layer salinity structure with a generally well-mixed bottom region as a result of the vertical mixing associated with the tidal currents, and a very stratified upper layer. This is consistent with previous modeling studies in the Rhine ROFI (Ruddick et al 1995;de Boer et al 2006).…”

A numerical study of the formation of the Rhône River plume

“…A compari son with the case of the Rhine seemed worthwhile since the Rhine shares certain characteristics with the Rhone system, such as the mean freshwater dis charge (about 2000 m3 /s) and the Kelvin number (about 3). Moreover, recent studies on the Rhine River plume, conducted with a 3-D model similar to the one used here (Ruddick et al, 1994(Ruddick et al, , 1995 provide substantial material for comparison with our results. While there is some disagreement between Garvine's classification (Table 1) and Ruddick's (1994) estimate of the Froude number (Ruddick's estimate is indeed ab out 0.9), it seems that the Rhine River plume may reasonably be considered to be subcritical.…”

Tidal impacts on primary production in the North Sea

“…CC BY 4.0 License. Ruddick et al, 1995;Schrum, 1997). Consequently, the variation in the onset of stratification is less clear in the southeastern part than in other parts of the SNS.…”