Haemoglobin N of sheep. Age, breed and seasonal distribution

Ефремов, Г. Д.; Braend, M.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100034541

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…After starch gel electrophoresis, this variant could be observed as an additional band, the C band, which was not present in the animals before the onset of the disease. This new band, appearing identical to that described by Efremov and Braend (1966), Huisman and Kitchens (1968), Tucker (1966) and Kitchen et al (1968), was reported for the first time as being associated with specific disease syndromes or with the recovery from these diseases.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Haemoglobin types and the geeldikkop‐enzootic icterus disease complex in sheep

Osterhoff

1971

Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Haemoglobin types and the geeldikkop‐enzootic icterus disease complex in sheep

Osterhoff

1971

Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics

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“…Efremov (1978) derived an empirical PA relation by adopting Cepheids in Galactic, in M31, and in LMC clusters, whose age was estimated independently. Magnier et al (1997) derived a new semi-empirical PA relation and used Cepheids in NGC 206, the super association in M31, to trace the age distribution and, in turn, the SFH in this region, located at the intersection of two spiral arms.…”

Section: Age Of the Cepheidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disk of the Small Magellanic Cloud as traced by Cepheids

Subramanian

Subramaniam

2015

A&A

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Context. The structure and evolution of the disk of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are traced by studying the Cepheids. Aims. We aim to estimate the orientation measurements of the disk, such as the inclination, i, and the position angle of the line of nodes (PA lon ), φ, and the depth of the disk. We also derive the age of the Cepheids and hence the age distribution of the SMC Cepheids. Methods. We used the V and I band photometric data of the fundamental and first-overtone Cepheids from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment survey. The period-luminosity (PL) relations were used to estimate the relative distance and reddening of each Cepheid. The right ascension, declination, and relative distance from the centroid of each Cepheid were converted into x, y, and z Cartesian coordinates. A weighted least-square plane fitting method was then applied to estimate the structural parameters. The lineof-sight depth and then the orientation corrected depth or thickness of the disk were estimated from the relative distance measurements. The period-age-colour relation of Cepheids were used to derive the age of the Cepheids. Results. A break in the PL relations of both the fundamental mode and first-overtone Cepheids at P ∼ 2.95 days and P ∼ 1 day are observed. An inclination of 64.• 4 ± 0.• 7 and a PA lon = 155.• 3 ± 6.• 3 are obtained from the full sample. A reddening map of the SMC disk is also presented. The orientation-corrected depth or thickness of the SMC disk is found to be 1.76 ± 0.6 kpc. The scale height is estimated to be 0.82 ± 0.3 kpc. The age distribution of Cepheids matches the SMC cluster age distribution. Conclusions. The radial variation of the disk parameters mildly indicate structures and disturbances in the inner SMC (0.5 < r < 2.5 degree). Some of the Cepheids found in front of the fitted plane in the eastern regions are possibly the youngest tidally stripped counterpart of the H i gas of the Magellanic Bridge. The Cepheids behind the fitted plane are most likely the population in the Counter Bridge predicted in recent numerical simulations. Different scenarios for the origin of the extra-planar Cepheids are also discussed.

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“…High altitude conditions, actual or simulated, can also cause increased synthesis of HbC (Boyer et al 19683;Blunt, Perry & Lane, 1970). In addition, HbC can regularly be found in young lambs with Hb type A or AB when erythropoiesis is very active during rapid growth (van Vliet & Huisman, 1964;Efremov & Braend, 1966;Tucker, 1966).…”

Section: (6) Frequencies In Diyerent Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in the Sheep Red Blood Cell

Tucker¹

1971

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. There are 7 well‐established red‐cell antigen (blood group) loci. The R‐O system has 3 phenotypes, R, O and i, identified by the ‘naturally occurring’ antibodies, anti‐R and anti‐O. The R and O substances are also present in soluble form in some body secretions. The expression of R and O is controlled by a dominant gene I, epistatic in effect, at an independent locus from that of R. The systems, A, C, M‐L, B, D and X‐2 are identified by means of ‘immune‐type’ antibodies, and several of the loci have multiple alleles. An isoenzymic form of serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with the R‐O system. The frequency for the genes at the various loci has been determined in a limited number of breeds. 2. Some sheep red cells have high K+ and low Na+ concentrations (HK type, or Key), others have low K+ and high Na+ concentrations (LK type or Kea). Two other rare forms exist; Key type which is HK but with lower than normal K+ values, and Kep type which has approximately equal Na+ and K+ concentrations. The red cells of foetuses and newborn lambs have high K+ levels irrespective of their potassium genotype. HK cells have 3–4 times greater (Na+‐K+)‐activated ATPase activity, a 3–4 times increased rate of active K+ transport and a larger number of ouabain‐binding sites than LK cells. Antigen M is present on homozygous HK and heterozygous LK red cells, and antigen L is present on homozygous and heterozygous LK red cells. Sensitization of LK cells with anti‐L stimulates active K+ transport and ATPase activity and exposes a larger number of ouabain‐binding sites in these cells. Anti‐M has no effect. The red cells of newborn lambs only show weak L and M antigen activity. It is postulated that L antigen inhibits cation transport in LK cells by masking the pump sites on the membrane. Immature red cells in LK‐type sheep have a high rate of active K+ transport and yet have L antigen present. No satisfactory explanation for this has yet been advanced. There is no conclusive evidence that the potassium types have any significance from the point of view of adaptation or sheep breeding. The potassium‐gene frequencies are known for a large number of breeds. 3. Two allelic genes, Hb4 and HbB control 3 haemoglobin phenotypes, A, AB, and B. Foetal haemoglobin (HbF) is present in foetuses and newborn lambs. Sheep with HbA also synthesize small amounts of another haemoglobin (HbC) and under conditions of severe anaemia, synthesis of HbC takes over from that of HbA. No change in HbB is observed in anaemia. A rare haemoglobin (HbD) has been found in 3 Yugoslavian sheep. Hbs A, B, C and F differ in their physicochemical properties; they share the same alpha chains but their non‐alpha chains differ in a number of amino acids. HbD differs from HbA in one amino acid in the alpha chain. Certain genetic aspects are discussed. There is some evidence that sheep with HbA are less fertile than those with HbB. The gene frequencies for Hb are known for a large number of breeds. 4. Two isoenzymic forms of carbonic anhydrase are found in red‐cel...

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Haemoglobin N of sheep. Age, breed and seasonal distribution

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Haemoglobin types and the geeldikkop‐enzootic icterus disease complex in sheep

Haemoglobin types and the geeldikkop‐enzootic icterus disease complex in sheep

Disk of the Small Magellanic Cloud as traced by Cepheids

Genetic Variation in the Sheep Red Blood Cell

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