Haemobilia and gallbladder carcinoma

Nontraumatic Hemobilia in Children

“…The most commonly reported causes of nontraumatic hemobilia in children are infection (liver abscess, 3 4 parasitic infestation [ascariasis], 5 6 anatomical abnormalities [gastric duplication 7 ], biliary pathology [papillomatosis of the gallbladder, 8 gallbladder polyps 9 ) and bleeding disorders (von Willebrand disease). 10 Other documented nontraumatic causes that have been described in adults include tumors (malignant 11 12 or benign 13 ), systemic lupus erythematosus, 14 sarcoidosis, 15 biliary pathology (cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledochal cyst, 16 gallbladder ulcer 17 ), pancreatitis, and warfarin therapy ( Table 1 ).…”

Photodynamic therapy of malignant biliary strictures using meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin

“…Haemobilia is an uncommon complication of PDT and has been reported in 2/32 (6%) patients with biliary tract cancer treated with sodium porfimer PDT [14,22]. Haemobilia can also occur infrequently in biliary tract cancer secondary to ulceration within the tumour, or invasion of surrounding structures [31][32][33]. Both patients, however, received the highest energy doses of all the patients and patient 3 was retreated after an interval of 1 month, which may have contributed to the development of this complication.…”

Massive hemobilia in childhood

“…They are an uncommon condition associated with chronic abdominal pain, but should be considered in a child with a mass in the portal triad and biliary obstruction. The classic combination of right upper abdominal pain, jaundice, and gastrointestinal bleeding is pathognomonic of hemobilia; however, it has been reported in only 22% of adult patients [1][2][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Nontraumatic hemobilia is rare in children, and many patients do not present with the classic triad symptoms of biliary colic, obstructive jaundice, and intestinal bleeding [3,6] .…”

“…The most common causes of nontraumatic hemobilia in children are infections, such as a liver abscess; multiple aneurysms due to parasitic infestation; vascular malformations; anatomical abnormalities, like gastric ectopia and duplication; biliary pathology, such as papillomatosis and polyps of the gallbladder; and bleeding disorders, like von Willebrand disease [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Other documented nontraumatic causes that have been described in adults include malignant or benign tumors, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledochal cyst, gallbladder ulcer, pancreatitis, and warfarin therapy [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Nontraumatic hemobilia associated with cholecystitis is very rare.…”