Haematological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in Wistar Rats Exposed to Dichlorvos Based Insecticide Formulation Used in Southeast Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract:The indiscriminate use of pesticide is a treat to non-target organisms. This study evaluates the haematological and biochemical changes induced by inhalation of local Nigerian dichlorvos insecticide on rats. The rats were randomly assigned to a control group which received only food and water and a test group which, in addition to food and water, was exposed to the pesticide for a period of 4 h daily for 28 days, after which exposure was discontinued for seven days. Five animals were sacrificed from each group on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for haematological, biochemical and antioxidant analysis. Results obtained showed lowered values of red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.05) with increased white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet counts after day 14 when compared to the control group. Liver enzymes aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and alanine amino transaminase (ALT) were higher in the exposed rats compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Urea and creatinine concentrations increased significantly after day 1 and at day 28, while superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly compared to the control after day 1, day 14 and day 21, respectively. The RBC, PCV and haemoglobin values of all exposed rats were restored to normal following withdrawal of the pesticide, though AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and, glutathione values remained significantly high compared to the control. Inhalation of the local insecticide is toxic to the blood, liver and kidney of laboratory rats and may be deleterious to human health following long-term exposure.

Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Caraway (Oil on Oral Dichlorvos Induced Hematological, Renal and Nonspecific Immune System Toxicity in Wistar Rats

“…The reduced levels of RBC, HGB, and PCV reported in this study, following DDVP exposure, suggested the hematotoxic effects of DDVP. This was in accordance with a previous study [19] and was strengthened by the reports concerning exposure to other OPs [13,20,21].…”

“…The reduction in MCV and MCH with an increase in MCHC that we observed, were similar to previous researches [13,19], but it was in disagreement with the report that claimed an undisturbed erythrocytes indices after exposure to OP [22]. Also, the changes in total WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes documented in this study were in where strengthened with the reports of previous studies [13,14], with the exception of a reduction in lymphocyte count [13].…”

HPLC‐DAD Analysis, Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Tunisian Rhanterium suaveolens against Acetamiprid Induced Oxidative Stress on Mice Erythrocytes

“…ACT treated mice showed normocytic normochromic anemia as their MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin content) and MCHC (mean corpuscular concentration in hemoglobin) values did not significantly differ from controls ( Table ). Our findings were similar to previous researches using different types of xenobiotics, and were reinforced by many reports concerning acetamiprid exposure …”

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pulverized Mangifera indica (Mango) Seed Kernel on Some Hematological Parameters in Normal and Monosodium Glutamate-Intoxicated Rats

“…This indicated that the overriding potential of MSKE to improve the PCV value could not affect the MSG-induced effect on the PCV value of the rats. Increased PCV value suggested potential increase in RBC production or erythropoiesis resulting to polycythaemia [47,48,51,62,63] as noted in this study; decreased thrombotic events or cardiovascular mortality [50] ; higher protection on the integrity of erythrocytes by boosting their volume percentage in the blood [50] ; improved transport of oxygen and absorbed nutrients [28,30] . The PCV value of the control in this study compared with that in earlier studies [48,62] .…”

“…Increased RBC count suggested potential stimulation of erythropoietin releases from the kidneys with a resultant increase in RBC synthesis (erythropoiesis) or diminished destruction that could result to polycythemia (instead of anema) and enhanced oxygencarrying/delivery capacity via the blood in the rats [28,36,37,[47][48][49] . This further indicated higher MSKE- related benefit and protection on the hematology of the rats [47,[49][50][51] . However, the higher but nonsignificant (p>0.05) RBC count in the rats exposed to MSG alone or to MSG plus low MSKE groups compared to the control indicated that MSG at the tested concentration either alone or together with low MSKE concentration did not cause measureable destruction of matured RBC's or change in the rate of production of RBCs (erythropoiesis) due probably to inability to stimulate erythropoietin (the humoral regulator of RBC production) release in the kidney [52] .…”