Haematological and biochemical toxicity in freshwater fish Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus following pulse exposure to atrazine, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and their combination

Kanu, Kingsley Chukwuemeka; Okoboshi, Anthony C.; Otitoloju, Adebayo A.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109643

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The hematological parameters (RBCs, Hct, and Hb) of Nile tilapia were lowered in this study by acute MET exposure (1.5–7.5 mg/L), meanwhile, the MCH and MCV increased. Comparable results were previously documented in Nile tilapia and African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) [ 64 , 65 ] by other fungicides (mancozeb and atrazine). This means that MET-fungicide negatively impacted the hematological markers showing anemia indicated by decreased RBCs and Hb in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Shaalan,

Elbealy,

Darwish

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Background The inappropriate use of pesticides including fungicides creates severe biological hazards that can endanger fish health and impede sustainable aquaculture. Objective This study investigated the negative impacts of metiram (MET), a fungicide on the health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for a 96-hour duration as an acute exposure in a static renewal system. Methods Three hundred fish (average body weight: 37.50 ± 0.22 g) were assigned into six groups (50 fish/group) with five replicates (10 fish/replicate). Fish were exposed to various six concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 mg/L) of MET as a water exposure to for 96-hour without water exchange. The fish’s behavior, clinical signs, and mortalities were documented every day of the exposure period. Additionally, MET’s impact on blood profile, stress biomarkers, hepato-renal functions, immune-antioxidant status, and brain biomarker were closely monitored. Results The lethal concentration (LC50) of MET estimated using Finney’s probit technique was 3.77 mg/L. The fish’s behavior was severely impacted by acute MET exposure, as clear by an increase in surfacing, loss of equilibrium, unusual swimming, laterality, abnormal movement, and a decline in aggressive behaviors. The survivability and hematological indices (white and red blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin) were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner following MET exposure. Acute exposure to MET (1.5–7.5 mg/L) incrementally increased stress biomarkers (nor-epinephrine, cortisol, and glucose), lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde), and brain oxidative DNA damage biomarker (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine). A hepato-renal dysfunction by MET exposure (4.5–7.5 mg/L) was evidenced by the significant increase in the alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and creatinine values. Moreover, a substantial decline in the immune parameters (lysozyme, complement 3, serum bactericidal activity, and antiprotease activity) and antioxidant variables (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) resulted from acute MET exposure. Conclusion According to these findings, the 96-hour LC50 of MET in Nile tilapia was 3.77 mg/L. MET exposure triggered toxicity in Nile tilapia, as seen by alterations in fish neuro-behaviors, immune-antioxidant status, hepato-renal functioning, and signifying physiological disturbances. This study emphasizes the potential ecological dangers provoked by MET as an environmental contaminant to aquatic systems. However, the long-term MET exposure is still needed to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Shaalan,

Elbealy,

Darwish

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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“…In this context, stress-induced renal dysfunction with an excessive bodily breakdown of proteins might be responsible for the elevation of urea level. Similarly, an increase in blood urea was also observed in the walking catfish ( Clarius batrachus ) , due to toxicity of atrazine, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin [ 80 ], and a mixture of organophosphate pesticides in the golden mahseer ( Tor putitora ) [ 81 ]. Moreover, an elevated level of creatinine and urea reflects the inability of the kidneys to completely filter out these waste products from the blood and their subsequent excretion in the urine, possibly due to cellular damage after pesticide exposure [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of haemato-genotoxic and stress response effects in Cyprinus carpio via silymarin dietary supplementation following deltamethrin exposure

Jindal,

Sharma,

Kaur

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…Toxic agents, e.g., metal ions, pesticides, or other anthropogenic aquatic pollutants, as well as pharmaceuticals such as immunomodulators, antimicrobial and antiparasitic therapeutics, or anesthetics, were proven to cause hematological changes in fish [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. To observe toxicity-induced alterations, it is necessary to provide reference values.…”

Section: Hematological Analysis In Fish Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and Hematopoietic Analysis in Fish Toxicology—A Review

Witeska

Kondera

Bojarski

2023

Animals

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Hematological analysis is commonly used to assess the physiological state of fish. It includes red blood cell parameters, white blood cell parameters, and the number of thrombocytes per blood volume unit. Hematological analysis is one of the basic tools (often accompanied by biochemical and histopathological analyses) to assess the influence of organic and inorganic substances on fish. It is, therefore, applicable in both ecotoxicology and pharmacotoxicology. The advantages of this research method are the lack of need for specialized laboratory equipment and low costs, and the limitations are the need for extensive experience among the personnel performing the tests. One of the recommended methods of supplementing routinely determined hematological parameters is assessing the cellular composition and activity of hematopoietic tissue. As there is very little scientific data available on the issue of the effects of xenobiotics on the cellular structure of fish head kidney hematopoietic tissue, filling this gap should be considered an urgent need. Therefore, we recommend conducting research with the simultaneous use of hematological and hematopoietic analysis as reliable and complementary methods of assessing the impact of toxic substances on fish.

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Haematological and biochemical toxicity in freshwater fish Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus following pulse exposure to atrazine, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and their combination

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Mitigation of haemato-genotoxic and stress response effects in Cyprinus carpio via silymarin dietary supplementation following deltamethrin exposure

Hematological and Hematopoietic Analysis in Fish Toxicology—A Review

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