Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Abstract

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) affects a significant proportion of patients receiving antibiotics. We sought to understand if differences in the gut microbiome would influence the development of AAD. We administered a 3-day course of amoxicillin-clavulanate to 30 healthy adult volunteers, and analyzed their stool microbiome, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, at baseline and up to 4 weeks post antibiotic administration. Lower levels of gut Ruminococcaceae were significantly and consistently observed from baseline until day 7 in participants who developed AAD. Overall, participants who developed AAD experienced a greater decrease in microbial diversity. The probability of AAD could be predicted based on qPCR-derived levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii at baseline. Our findings suggest that a lack of gut Ruminococcaceae influences development of AAD. Quantification of F. prausnitzii in stool prior to antibiotic administration may help identify patients at risk of AAD, and aid clinicians in devising individualized treatment regimens to minimize such adverse effects.

Intestinal Ecology Changes in Diarrheic Père David’s Deer Revealed by Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites Analysis

“…In the Firmicutes phylum, Ruminococcaceae are found in colonic mucosal biofilms in healthy individuals and are regarded as potentially beneficial bacteria as they positively regulate intestinal environments and are linked to immunomodulation and healthy homeostasis [ 41 , 42 ]. Here, significantly decreased Ruminococcaceae abundance was observed in diarrheic Père David’s deer, which is consistent with reports in other types of diarrheas, such as IBS, Clostridium difficile infection, C. difficile -negative nosocomial diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea [ 43 , 44 ]. Bacteroides belong to mucus-degrading bacteria, and Bacteroides spp.…”

Gut Microbiome Dynamics Associated with Rifamycin Therapy for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study

“…Indeed, treatment naïve TB patients have previously been shown to differ from healthy controls on the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are characterized by their antiin ammatory capacity as well as their ability to utilize carbohydrates in simple and polymeric forms to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) essential in the maintenance of health [28]. Although our numbers are too small to test this formally, prior reports suggest that a low level of Ruminococcaceae at baseline is associated with antibiotic-induced diarrhea [33]. Two LTBI patients who reported gastrointestinal discomfort upon treatment initiation saw a resolution of their symptoms once treatment was completed.…”

AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula Edodes Mycelia, Promotes the Anti-Tumor Effect of Dual Immune Checkpoint Blockade Effect in Murine Colon Cancer

“…In our study, the relative abundance of the species in Ruminococcaceae family increased in MC38 tumor-bearing mice treated with AHCC ® and DICB compared to the same mice treated with water and DICB. To further support this finding, we analyzed Faecalibacterium prausnitzii which is a leading representative of the phylum Firmicutes , class Clostridium , family Ruminococcaceae and the most dominant species within the Ruminococcaceae family using a qPCR assay ( 12 ). The results of this analysis showed increased abundance of F. prausnitzii in the stool samples from the mice treated with AHCC ® and DICB compared to water and DICB.…”

“…The qPCR data were normalized to total bacteria expression levels. The target primers for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and total bacteria were described in previous studies ( 12 ).…”